Moisture yog Achilles 'heel ntawm molded pulp. Thaum molded pulp muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo, kev ruaj khov, thiab tus nqi zoo, nws cov qauv cellulose fiber ntau yog qhov muaj hydrophilic - nws absorbs dej nkag tau yooj yim, thiab thaum ntub dej, nws poob lub zog, muag muag thiab floppy, thiab tuaj yeem loj tuaj pwm. Qhov kev hnov mob no muaj keeb kwm txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom siv hauv qhov chaw siab - cov av noo, cov ntawv thov zaub mov uas muaj cov kua lossis roj, thiab cov dej hiav txwv ntev. Tab sis niaj hnub ntaub ntawv science tau hloov qhov no. Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau yam ntawm cov dej noo- pov thawj thiab tsis muaj dej tsis zoo - ntub dej muaj zog resins, dej-raws li txheej txheej txheej, PLA txheej, nanocellulose, thiab optimized fiber ntau sib xyaw - cia molded pulp tiv taus noo noo thiab tswj nws lub zog txawm nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig nyuaj. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb muab cov lus qhia dav dav rau cov dej noo{11}}cov pov thawj thiab cov dej tsis muaj dej molded pulp tais: vim li cas cov dej noo tseem ceeb, kev tshawb fawb txog dej nqus hauv cellulose, tag nrho cov dej noo{12}}cov pov thawj thev naus laus zis (los ntawm cov khoom siv sab hauv rau cov txheej txheem sab nraud), xaiv cov khoom siv, kev sim, thiab kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov chaw siab - Txawm hais tias koj yog ib tus kws tsim khoom ntim cov txheej txheem molded pulp rau qhov chaw ntub dej, cov chaw tsim khoom noj khoom haus nrhiav kev ntim cov kua dej kom ruaj khov, lossis cov kws tshaj lij kev soj ntsuam cov kev xaiv, phau ntawv qhia no yuav tsum muab kev paub rau koj los txiav txim siab.
Vim li cas Moisture Matters: Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Dej thiab Cellulose
Txhawm rau kom nkag siab txog kev ya raws- pov thawj, peb yuav tsum xub nkag siab tias vim li cas cov ntaub ntawv molded absorbs dej thiab yuav ua li cas thaum nws ua.
Cellulose yog hydrophilic.Moulded pulp yog tsim los ntawm cellulose fibers - lub ntsiab structural tivthaiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag cell phab ntsa. Cellulose yog polysaccharide (ib txoj kab ntev ntawm cov piam thaj molecules) nrog ntau pawg hydroxyl (-OH) raws nws cov saw. Cov pawg hydroxyl no yog polar - lawv nyiam cov dej molecules los ntawm hydrogen bonding. Thaum molded pulp los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog dej (kua los yog vapor), cov dej molecules yog attracted rau hydroxyl pawg thiab absorbed rau hauv fiber ntau. Qhov no yog vim li cas moulded pulp yog inherently hydrophilic (dej-hlub) - nws tsis yog ib qho txhaum nyob rau hauv kev tsim, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom.
Yuav ua li cas thaum molded pulp tau ntub?Thaum molded pulp absorbs dej, ntau yam tshwm sim:
1. Lub zog poob:Cov dej molecules nkag mus ntawm cellulose fibers, rhuav cov hydrogen bonds uas tuav cov fibers ua ke. Qhov no ua rau cov lev fiber ntau soften thiab poob zog - ntub molded pulp tuaj yeem poob 50-80% ntawm nws lub zog qhuav, nyob ntawm seb hom fiber ntau, qhov ntom ntom, thiab noo noo. Ib lub tais uas tuaj yeem txhawb nqa 10kg thaum qhuav tuaj yeem poob qis dua 2kg thaum ntub.
2. Deformation:Raws li cov fibers nqus dej, lawv swell - ua rau lub tais rau warp, khoov, los yog poob nws cov duab. Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tais uas muaj qhov loj me lossis cov khoom sib dhos.
3. Degradation ntawm qhov chaw:Cov dej tuaj yeem ua rau saum npoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv molded ua ntxhib, fuzzy, lossis pilled - cuam tshuam rau cov tsos thiab luam tawm zoo.
4. Pwm thiab kab mob loj hlob:Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv molded tseem ntub rau lub sijhawm ntev (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sov), cov pwm thiab cov kab mob tuaj yeem loj hlob rau ntawm qhov chaw - ua rau muaj xim tsis zoo, tsw, thiab tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem kev nyab xeeb khoom noj.
5. Khoom puas tsuaj:Yog tias lub tais tuav cov khoom, cov dej nqus tau tuaj yeem hloov mus rau cov khoom - ua rau cov dej puas, corrosion (rau cov khoom hlau), los yog paug (rau cov khoom noj).
Ntau npaum li cas noo noo molded pulp nqus?Tus nqi ntawm noo noo absorbed nyob ntawm ntau yam:
- Relative humidity (RH):Ntawm 50% RH (ib puag ncig sab hauv tsev), molded pulp feem ntau muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov dej noo ntawm 6-8%. Ntawm 80% RH (qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw sov), qhov no nce mus rau 12-15%. Ntawm 90% + RH, nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag 18-25%.
- Fiber ntau:Bagasse (sugarcane fiber) absorbs me ntsis noo noo dua li daim ntawv siv dua, vim nws luv dua, denser fiber ntau. bleached fibers nqus me ntsis ntau dua unbleached.
- Ceev:Denser products (thermoformed, 300-500 kg/m³) absorb moisture more slowly than less dense products (transfer-molded, 150-300 kg/m³), because there's less void space for water to penetrate.
- Coatings thiab additives:Lub zog ntub dej thiab cov txheej thaiv txheej tuaj yeem txo qhov nqus dej noo - los ntawm 12-15% ntawm 80% RH (uncoated) txog 2-5% (nrog cov txheej txheem zoo).
- Kev sib cuag ua kua:Kev sib cuag ua kua ncaj qha (xws li, cov khoom ntub dej, cov kua ua kua, condensation) ua rau sai dua thiab nthuav dav ntawm cov dej noo ntau dua li cov av ib leeg - uncoated molded pulp tuaj yeem nqus nws qhov hnyav hauv dej hauv feeb ntawm kev sib cuag cov kua dej ncaj qha.
Thaum twg yog kev txhawj xeeb?Cov dej noo yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej:
- High -cov av noo ib puag ncig:Shipping los yog khaws cia molded pulp nyob rau hauv tropical los yog subtropical climates (80% + RH), los yog nyob rau hauv unconditioned warehouses nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntub.
- Ntev dej hiav txwv voyages:Shipping ntim rau hauv hiav txwv voyages tuaj yeem muaj cov av noo siab (80-95% RH) thiab kub hloov pauv, ua rau muaj qhov sib xyaw ("container rain") uas tuaj yeem ntub molded pulp ntim.
- Daim ntawv thov zaub mov:Ntim cov khoom ntub, ntub dej, lossis roj (nqaij, khoom tsim, kua ntses, kua zaub, khoom noj khov nrog condensation), uas cov zaub mov nws tus kheej yog qhov chaw noo.
- Txias / khov cia:Cov tub yees thiab lub freezers muaj cov av noo siab, thiab qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ntim.
- Sab nraum zoov raug:Cov khoom khaws cia lossis siv sab nraum zoov (piv txwv li, cov khoom vaj khoom tsev, cov xwm txheej sab nraum zoov, cov khoom siv tsim kho) tej zaum yuav raug los nag, dej lwg, lossis cov av noo siab.
- Cov khoom ntub dej:Ntim cov khoom uas lawv tus kheej ntub dej (xws li, cov khoom tshiab, nqaij nruab deg, cov nroj tsuag, cov khoom ntub dej).
Internal Additives: Lub zog ntub dej Resins thiab Sizing Agents
Thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev ya raws yog cov khoom siv sab hauv - cov tshuaj ntxiv rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg slurry ua ntej tsim, uas hloov kho cov khoom fiber ntau kom txo tau cov dej nqus thiab tswj lub zog thaum ntub. Ob hom tseem ceeb yog ntub lub zog resins thiab sizing agents.
Lub zog ntub dej Resins
Lub zog ntub dej yog cov tshuaj uas tsim cov ntoo khaub lig ruaj khov -txoj kev sib txuas ntawm cellulose fibers - daim ntawv cog lus uas tsis tawg los ntawm dej. Qhov no tso cai rau molded pulp kom tswj tau ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws lub zog thaum ntub, es tsis poob 50-80% zoo li cov tawv nqaij tsis kho.
Lawv ua haujlwm li cas:Wet zog resins yog dej-soluble polymers uas tau ntxiv rau lub pulp slurry. Lawv txuas mus rau cov cellulose fibers (los ntawm ionic bonding los yog hydrogen bonding) thiab tom qab ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm ziab, lawv hla - txuas nrog ib leeg thiab nrog cov cellulose fibers - tsim ib qho peb - qhov sib txuas uas tuav cov fibers ua ke txawm tias muaj dej. Tus ntoo khaub lig- txuas yog covalent bonds - ntau zog dua li cov hydrogen bonds ntawm cellulose fibers - thiab lawv tsis tawg los ntawm dej.
Hom ntub dej muaj zog resins:
1. Polyamide -epichlorohydrin (PAE):Cov ntaub ntub dej ntau tshaj plaws rau cov zaub mov-qib molded pulp. PAE muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm nruab nrab rau alkaline pH (6.5-8.5), muab lub zog ntub dej zoo (30-50% ntawm lub zog qhuav khaws cia thaum ntub), thiab FDA pom zoo rau kev sib cuag zaub mov (21 CFR 176.170). PAE feem ntau ntxiv ntawm 0.5-2% los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm fiber ntau. Nws yog tus qauv xaiv rau cov khoom noj-qib molded pulp (qe cartons, tsim cov tais, nqaij tais, khoom noj khoom haus).
2. Melamine -formaldehyde (MF):Ib txwm ntub lub zog resin uas muab lub zog ntub dej siab (40-60% ntawm lub zog qhuav). MF muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm acidic pH (4.5-6.0) thiab pheej yig dua PAE. Txawm li cas los xij, MF muaj formaldehyde (ib qho kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv), thiab nws siv hauv cov ntawv thov zaub mov raug txwv. MF feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom tsis yog khoom noj khoom haus molded pulp qhov twg xav tau lub zog ntub dej thiab zaub mov tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb.
3. Urea{0}}formaldehyde (UF):Lwm cov tsoos ntub dej muaj zog, zoo ib yam li MF tab sis tus nqi qis dua thiab kev ua haujlwm qis dua. UF kuj tseem yog formaldehyde-raws li thiab feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntawv tsis yog- zaub mov.
4. Polyethyleneimine (PEI):Lub zog ntub dej tshiab tshiab uas muab lub zog ntub dej zoo thiab yog formaldehyde -dawb. PEI muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm pH nruab nrab thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov zaub mov - cov ntawv thov qib (txawm tias nws tsawg dua PAE). PEI yog kim dua PAE tab sis muaj qhov zoo ntawm qee cov ntawv thov (xws li, cov kev xav tau ntub dej ntau, ESD- cov qauv kev nyab xeeb).
5. Bio-raws li ntub dej resins:Ib pawg tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntub dej ua los ntawm cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv (xws li, hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, chitosan, soy protein, lignin-raws li polymers). Cov no tseem nyob hauv kev txhim kho tab sis muaj peev xwm ua tiav bio-raws li, compostable ntub zog daws. Kev ua haujlwm tam sim no qis dua li cov khoom siv hluavtaws, tab sis kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua.
Kev ua tau zoo:Nrog PAE ntub lub zog resin (feem ntau cov khoom noj - qib kev xaiv), molded pulp feem ntau khaws 30-50% ntawm nws lub zog qhuav thaum saturated tag nrho - piv rau 20-50% rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis kho (qhov dav rau qhov tsis kho yog vim nws nyob ntawm fiber ntau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov density sai heev). Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, ntub lub zog resin-kho cov ntaub so ntswg tuav nws cov duab thiab cov qauv kev ncaj ncees thaum ntub dej - nws tsis dhau los yog tawg zoo li cov tawv nqaij tsis kho. Rau feem ntau cov zaub mov thiab siab -cov av noo, PAE ntub lub zog resin yog txaus - nws muab lub zog ntub dej txaus los tuav cov txheej txheem kev ncaj ncees thaum lub sij hawm siv ib txwm, thiab nws yog khoom noj khoom haus zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Kev txiav txim siab:
- Khoom noj khoom haus kev nyab xeeb:PAE yog FDA- pom zoo rau kev sib cuag zaub mov, tab sis tus nqi ntawm PAE uas tuaj yeem txav los ntawm lub ntim rau zaub mov yog tswj hwm. Rau cov ntawv thov zaub mov - qib, siv PAE ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus siv tau zoo (feem ntau yog 0.5-1.5%) thiab xyuas kom ua raws li cov cai tswj kev noj zaub mov hauv zos (FDA, EFSA, GB).
- Compostability: PAE is generally considered compostable - it breaks down during composting without leaving toxic residues. However, very high PAE dosages (>2%) tej zaum yuav qeeb composting me ntsis. Rau daim ntawv pov thawj compostable (BPI, OK Compost), xyuas tias PAE ntau npaum li cas nyob rau hauv daim ntawv pov thawj txwv.
- Recyclability:PAE-kho moulded pulp yog rov ua dua tshiab hauv cov qauv ntawv rov ua dua tshiab - PAE tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem pulping, thiab tus ntoo khaub lig-txoj kev sib txuas tau tawg thaum lub sijhawm rov ua dua tshiab (uas suav nrog pH siab, kub siab, thiab kev ua haujlwm txhua yam).
- Tus nqi:PAE ntxiv kwv yees li 5-15% rau cov khoom siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv molded, nyob ntawm qhov ntau npaum li cas. Rau ntau daim ntawv thov, qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog peev - tus nqi qis dua piv rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm.
Sizing Agents
Sizing agents yog cov tshuaj uas txo qhov nqus dej rau hauv cov fiber ntau - lawv ua rau qhov chaw ntau hydrophobic (dej-repellent). Tsis zoo li ntub lub zog resins (uas tuav lub zog thaum ntub), sizing agents tiv thaiv dej los ntawm absorbed thawj qhov chaw - tsawg kawg rau ib lub sij hawm.
Feem ntau hom sizing agents:
1. Alkyl ketene dimer (AKD):Qhov feem ntau sab hauv sizing tus neeg sawv cev rau ntawv thiab molded pulp. AKD yog ib qho quav ciab-zoo li cov khoom siv ntxiv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv slurry thiab tsiv mus rau cov fiber ntau thaum ziab, tsim cov txheej txheem hydrophobic. AKD muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm nruab nrab rau alkaline pH, muab cov dej tsis zoo (dej hlaws rau saum npoo es tsis yog nqus), thiab yog FDA- pom zoo rau kev sib cuag zaub mov. AKD feem ntau yog ntxiv ntawm 0.1-0.5% los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm fiber ntau.
2. Alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA):Lwm tus neeg sawv cev hauv qhov loj me, zoo ib yam li AKD tab sis sai dua - ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm zoo dua ntawm qhov kub siab dua. ASA yog kim dua AKD thiab tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv molded pulp (nws yog ntau dua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv manufacturing).
3. Rosin{0}}raws li qhov loj me:Ib qho tshuaj sizing tus neeg sawv cev ua los ntawm rosin (ib qho resin los ntawm ntoo thuv). Rosin sizing yog zoo ntawm acidic pH thiab tsis tshua kim tshaj AKD, tab sis nws muab cov dej tsis kam thiab tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv niaj hnub molded pulp (uas feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm nruab nrab pH).
4. Bio-raws li tus neeg saib xyuas qhov loj me:Cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv (piv txwv li, hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, kua protein, waxes los ntawm cov nroj tsuag). Cov no tseem nyob hauv kev txhim kho tab sis muaj peev xwm ua tiav bio-raws li kev daws teeb meem.
Kev ua tau zoo:Sizing agents muab cov dej tiv thaiv ib ntus - lawv tiv thaiv cov dej ua kua los ntawm kev nqus mus rau hauv qhov chaw rau lub sijhawm (feeb mus rau teev, nyob ntawm seb tus neeg saib xyuas qhov loj me thiab ntau npaum li cas, thiab cov dej ntau). Sizing agents muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tiv thaiv kev nqus ntawm cov dej me me (xws li, condensation, luv luv spills, cov khoom ntub dej) tab sis tsis zoo rau kev sib cuag nrog cov kua dej ntev ntev lossis immersion. Rau cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau siv dej ntev ntev, cov neeg ua haujlwm loj yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog cov khoom ntub dej ntub dej (kom muaj zog yog tias dej nkag mus) thiab / lossis cov txheej txheem txheej txheej sab nraud (kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua).
Wet zog resin vs. sizing tus neeg sawv cev: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv?
- Lub zog ntub dej resin:Khaws lub tais lub zog thaum ntub - lub tais yuav tsis sib nrug yog tias nws ntub. Nws tsis tiv thaiv dej los ntawm kev nqus; nws tsuas yog ua kom lub tais tseem muaj zog txawm tias dej nqus.
- Sizing tus neeg sawv cev:Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj dej nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw - cov hlaws dej nce thiab dov tawm es tsis so hauv. Nws tsis tuav lub zog yog tias dej nkag mus (piv txwv li, los ntawm khawb lossis ntug).
- Kev xyaum zoo tshaj:Rau feem ntau cov dej noo-sensitive daim ntaub ntawv, siv ob qho tib si - sizing tus neeg saib xyuas los tiv thaiv dej nqus, thiab ntub lub zog resin los tuav lub zog yog tias dej nkag mus. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm noo noo tag nrho.
Cov Txheej Txheem Sab Nraud: Barrier Coatings rau Txhim Kho Kev Tiv Thaiv Moisture
Rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv cov dej noo ntau dua li cov khoom siv sab hauv tuaj yeem muab tau, cov txheej txheem sab nraud yog siv rau saum npoo ntawm lub tais molded pulp tom qab tsim thiab ziab. Cov txheej txheej tsim lub cev thaiv qhov chaw uas tiv thaiv dej (thiab qee zaum, roj, oxygen, thiab lwm yam) los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv fiber ntau. Muaj ntau ntau hom kev thaiv txheej txheej, txhua tus muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv, tus nqi, thiab ib puag ncig profile.
Dej-Based Barrier Coatings
Dej-raws li txheej txheej barrier yog feem ntau thiab feem ntau tus phooj ywg nyob ib puag ncig hom thaiv txheej rau molded pulp. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm dej-raws li polymers (xws li, acrylic, styrene-acrylic, polyurethane, polyvinyl cawv) uas yog siv los ua kua thiab ces qhuav / kho los ua ib tug nruam barrier zaj duab xis rau saum npoo.
Lawv ua haujlwm li cas:Cov dej-raws li cov txheej txheem yog siv rau cov pwm ntawm cov tawv nqaij los ntawm kev txau, dipping, cov menyuam txheej, lossis cov ntaub thaiv npog. Cov dej evaporates thaum ziab, tawm hauv nyias (5-30 micron) polymer zaj duab xis rau ntawm qhov chaw. Cov yeeb yaj kiab no sau rau hauv qhov pores thiab tsim ib qho kev thaiv txuas ntxiv uas tiv thaiv dej (thiab qee zaum, roj) los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv fiber ntau.
Hom hom:
1. Acrylic coatings:Cov dej ntau tshaj -raws li txheej txheej. Acrylic coatings muab cov dej tsis zoo, tsis muaj roj tsis kam, zoo clarity, thiab zoo adhesion rau molded pulp. Lawv raug nqi -zoo, zaub mov- nyab xeeb (FDA- pom zoo), thiab tag nrho rov ua dua / compostable (cov acrylic polymer tawg thaum rov ua dua / composting). Acrylic coatings feem ntau yog siv rau ntawm 5-15 g / m² thiab muab dej tsis kam rau ob peb teev ntawm cov kua sib cuag.
2. Styrene-cov xim acrylic:Ib qho txawv ntawm acrylic nrog kev txhim kho dej tsis kam thiab roj tsis kam (vim cov khoom siv styrene). Styrene- cov txheej acrylic yog me ntsis kim dua li acrylic ntshiab tab sis muab kev tiv thaiv zoo dua. Lawv feem ntau siv rau cov ntawv thov zaub mov (clamshells, tais, phaj) qhov twg roj tseem ceeb.
3. Polyurethane (PU) txheej:PU coatings muab cov dej tsis zoo, cov roj ua haujlwm zoo, thiab muag muag, zoo nkauj zoo nkauj (velvet / soft-kov tiav). PU coatings yog kim dua li acrylic thiab feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntawv thov hwm (cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, khoom siv hluav taws xob, khoom siv khoom kim heev) qhov zoo li qhov tseem ceeb. Khoom noj khoom haus- qib PU txheej muaj tab sis tsawg dua li acrylic.
4. Polyvinyl cawv (PVOH) txheej:PVOH coatings muab cov pa oxygen zoo heev (zoo dua li lwm cov txheej txheej) thiab cov roj / roj zoo, tab sis lawv yog dej -soluble (tsis yog dej-resistant) - lawv yaj hauv dej. PVOH feem ntau yog siv los ua cov txheej txheem oxygen barrier hauv ntau- txheej txheej txheej (ua ke nrog cov dej- cov txheej txheem saum toj kawg nkaus), tsis yog cov khoom thaiv ib leeg.
5. Bio-raws li dej-raws li txheej:Ib pawg tshiab ntawm cov txheej txheej ua los ntawm cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv (piv txwv li, hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, kua protein, chitosan, shellac, cog-raws li waxes). Cov no tseem nyob hauv kev txhim kho tab sis muaj peev xwm ua tiav bio-raws li, compostable barrier coatings. Kev ua haujlwm tam sim no qis dua li cov txheej txheem hluavtaws (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov dej tsis kam), tab sis kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus.
Kev ua tau zoo:Dej-raws li txheej txheej thaiv tuaj yeem txo qhov nqus dej los ntawm 70-90% piv rau uncoated molded pulp - los ntawm 12-15% ntawm 80% RH (uncoated) mus rau 2-5% (nrog rau txheej zoo). Rau kev sib cuag ua kua, dej- txheej txheej tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev nqus tau ntev li ob peb teev (acrylic) txog 24+ teev (siab-kev ua tau zoo PU lossis styrene-acrylic), nyob ntawm seb hom txheej, thickness, thiab tus nqi / hom kua. Cov dej-raws li cov txheej txheem kuj tseem muab cov roj tsis zoo (acrylic) rau cov roj zoo (styrene-acrylic, PU).
Txoj kev siv:
- Txau:Cov txheej yog txau rau ntawm qhov chaw uas siv rab phom los yog automated spray system. Txau yog hloov tau (tuaj yeem ua cov txheej txheem sib txawv, sab hauv thiab sab nraud) tab sis yuav muaj kev hloov pauv qis dua (qee lub txheej yog nkim li overspray).
- Dipping:Lub tais yog dipped rau hauv ib da dej ntawm txheej thiab ces drained. Dipping muab kev tiv thaiv tag nrho (txhua qhov chaw, suav nrog nyuaj- mus rau - thaj chaw) tab sis tej zaum yuav ua rau cov txheej tuab thiab lub sij hawm ziab ntev dua.
- Roller txheej:Cov txheej txheem yog siv nrog rollers. Cov menyuam txheej yog qhov ua tau zoo (kev hloov pauv siab, tuab tuab) tab sis tuaj yeem tsuas yog lub tsho tiaj tus lossis maj mam nkhaus qhov chaw - tsis nyuaj 3D duab.
- Curtain txheej:Cov txheej yog siv raws li ib tug tas mus li "daim ntaub" ntawm cov kua uas ntws hla lub tais. Cov ntaub thaiv npog muab kev tiv thaiv zoo ib yam thiab kev hloov pauv siab tab sis tsuas yog txwv rau cov khoom lag luam.
Rau cov 3D molded pulp trays (nrog kab noj hniav, tav, thiab lwm yam nta), tshuaj tsuag los yog dipping yog feem ntau siv - cov menyuam txheej thiab cov ntaub thaiv npog yog tsim nyog rau cov khoom tiaj tus (phaj, hau, nplooj ntawv).
Kev txiav txim siab:
- Khoom noj khoom haus kev nyab xeeb:Feem ntau cov dej-raws li txheej thaiv txheej (acrylic, styrene-acrylic, zaub mov- qib PU) yog FDA- pom zoo rau kev sib cuag zaub mov. Nco ntsoov xyuas tias cov txheej txheej tshwj xeeb tau pom zoo rau koj daim ntawv thov zaub mov tshwj xeeb (xws li, cov khoom noj rog, cov zaub mov acidic, siab -cov khoom noj kub) thiab ua raws li cov cai hauv zos (FDA, EFSA, GB).
- Compostability:Feem ntau cov dej-raws li txheej thaiv txheej yog compostable - cov polymer tawg thaum lub sij hawm muaj composting (thiab ntau zaus, hauv tsev composting). Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov kev ua tau zoo - txheej txheej (piv txwv li, qee cov PU txheej) yuav qeeb qeeb rau cov chiv. Rau daim ntawv pov thawj compostable (BPI, OK Compost), xyuas kom meej tias cov txheej tau pom zoo.
- Recyclability:Feem ntau cov dej-raws li cov txheej txheem barrier yog sib xws nrog cov ntawv rov ua dua - cov txheej txheem tawg thaum lub sij hawm pH (pH siab, kub siab, mechanical action) thiab tsis paug cov fiber ntau siv dua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov coatings tuab heev lossis ntev heev tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev rov ua dua tshiab - ib txwm txheeb xyuas qhov rov ua dua tshiab nrog cov khoom siv txheej txheej.
- Tus nqi:Dej-raws li txheej thaiv txheej ntxiv kwv yees li 10-30% rau tus nqi ntawm cov pwm pwm, nyob ntawm seb hom txheej, thickness, thiab daim ntawv thov txheej txheem. Rau feem ntau cov zaub mov thiab cov av noo, qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog peev.
- Txheej txheej:Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov dej noo tag nrho, cov txheej yuav tsum npog txhua qhov chaw uas yuav raug cov dej noo - nrog rau sab hauv cov kab noj hniav, cov npoo, thiab tej qhov chaw txiav los yog trimmed. Ntug thiab qhov chaw txiav yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws (cov txheej txheem yuav tsis npog qhov txiav ntug, nthuav tawm cov fiber ntau). Rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb, xav txog dipping (uas npog txhua qhov chaw, suav nrog cov npoo) lossis siv cov txheej ua ntej txiav (yog li cov ntug trimmed yog coated).
PLA (Polylactic Acid) Txheej
PLA yog biodegradable thiab compostable bioplastic ua los ntawm cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv (feem ntau pob kws hmoov nplej los yog qab zib). PLA txheej muab cov dej ua haujlwm zoo thiab cov roj ua haujlwm, thiab lawv tau ua tiav tag nrho hauv cov chaw tsim khoom siv.
Lawv ua haujlwm li cas:PLA yog siv rau molded pulp nto raws li ib tug nyias zaj duab xis (10-50 microns) los ntawm extrusion txheej, lamination, los yog dipping. PLA tsim ib qho kev sib txuas tsis tu ncua, impermeable thaiv ntawm qhov chaw uas tiv thaiv dej, roj, thiab oxygen los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv fiber ntau.
Kev ua tau zoo:PLA txheej muab cov dej tsis zoo (tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev nqus tau rau hnub lossis txawm lub limtiam ntawm cov kua sib cuag), cov roj ua haujlwm zoo (zoo dua li dej feem ntau-raws li txheej), thiab cov pa oxygen zoo. PLA yog cua sov- sealable (tuaj yeem ua kom sov- kaw rau nws tus kheej lossis rau lwm qhov PLA-coated nto), ua rau nws tsim nyog rau cov thawv ntim thiab hloov pauv huab cua ntim (MAP).
Kev txiav txim siab:
- Compostability:PLA yog industrially compostable (so hauv 3-6 lub hlis nyob rau hauv industrial composting chaw ntawm 58-70 degrees Celsius). Txawm li cas los xij, PLA tsis tuaj yeem ua cov chiv hauv tsev hauv tsev (nws yuav tsum muaj qhov kub thiab txias ntawm kev lag luam composting) thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab hauv cov qauv ntawv rov ua dua tshiab (nws yog cov yas, thiab nws tuaj yeem paug cov ntawv rov ua dua tshiab). Vim li no, PLA-coated moulded pulp yuav tsum tau sau meej meej tias "industrially compostable" thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau hauv cov ntawv rov ua dua tshiab.
- Khoom noj khoom haus kev nyab xeeb:PLA yog FDA- pom zoo rau kev sib cuag zaub mov thiab tau siv dav hauv ntim khoom noj (khob, clamshells, hau).
- Tus nqi:PLA txheej yog kim dua li dej -raws li txheej txheej - ntxiv kwv yees li 20-50% rau tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv molded. Tus nqi yog tsav los ntawm cov khoom siv ntau dua ntawm PLA thiab cov txheej txheem kev thov ntau dua (extrusion txheej lossis lamination).
- Thaum tshav kub kub kuj:PLA muaj qhov kub tsis tshua muaj zog (softens ntawm 50-}60 degrees Celsius, melts ntawm 150-}160 degrees Celsius) - nws tsis haum rau microwave lossis qhov cub siv (tshwj tsis yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev siv kub).
- Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau:PLA coatings yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau dej / roj zoo thiab muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke - xws li cov khoom ntim khoom noj zoo tshaj (cov tais diav, cov qhaub cij clamshells, cov tais zaub mov khov), khob dej haus, thiab cov khoom uas qhov kawg - ntawm - lub neej yog tswj hwm (xws li kev lag luam composting cov kev pab cuam, sau cov txheej xwm nrog composting).
Wax Coatings (thiab lwm txoj kev)
Cov khoom siv quav ciab (feem ntau yog paraffin wax lossis beeswax) yog ib txwm siv los muab cov dej tsis kam rau daim ntawv thiab molded pulp. Txawm li cas los xij, wax coatings muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau ib puag ncig - paraffin wax yog roj av-raws li, tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab (nws ua rau cov ntaub ntawv rov ua dua tshiab), thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav (nws tsis tawg hauv cov compost). Rau cov laj thawj no, cov txheej txheem siv quav ciab tau raug txiav tawm kom pom zoo rau lwm txoj hauv kev ruaj ntseg (dej-raws li txheej, PLA, bio-raws li waxes).
Wax Alternatives:
1. Carnauba wax:Ib tsob nroj -raws li siv quav ciab los ntawm carnauba xibtes nplooj. Carnauba wax yog txuas ntxiv dua, compostable, thiab muab cov dej tsis zoo thiab ua kom tiav. Nws kim dua li paraffin tab sis muaj kev ruaj ntseg dua. Carnauba wax feem ntau yog siv los ua ke nrog lwm cov waxes lossis polymers los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm.
2. Soy wax:Ib tsob nroj -raws li siv quav ciab ua los ntawm cov taum roj. Soy wax yog rov ua dua tshiab, compostable, thiab muab dej zoo. Nws tsis tshua kim tshaj carnauba tab sis muaj qhov kub tsis kam.
3. Rice bran wax:Ib tug byproduct ntawm mov bran roj ntau lawm. Rice bran wax yog rov ua dua tshiab, compostable, thiab muab cov dej tsis zoo thiab matte tiav. Nws yog lwm txoj hauv kev ruaj ntseg rau paraffin rau qee yam kev siv.
4. Dej -raws li siv quav ciab emulsions:Wax emulsions (cov khoom siv quav ciab tawg hauv dej) tuaj yeem siv tau zoo li cov dej-raws li cov txheej txheem, muab cov dej tsis zoo yam tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv quav ciab. Wax emulsions yog compostable thiab recyclable (cov quav ciab tawg thaum lub sij hawm rov ua dua / composting) thiab tau siv ntau dua los ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau paraffin wax.
Kev txiav txim siab:Nroj tsuag-raws li waxes thiab wax emulsions muab cov dej zoo tiv thaiv thiab muaj kev ruaj khov dua li cov khoom siv paraffin, tab sis lawv feem ntau muab kev ua haujlwm qis dua li dej-raws li polymer txheej los yog PLA (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov kua dej ntev ntev los yog roj tsis kam). Lawv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau cov dej tsis sib haum thiab lub ntuj, matte tiav - xws li, tsim cov tais, ntim khoom noj, ntim zaub mov qhuav.
Multi- Txheej Txheej
Rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau ntau yam khoom thaiv (dej, roj, roj, oxygen, cua sov sealability), ntau - txheej txheej txheej tuaj yeem siv tau - sib txuas ntau hom txheej kom ua tiav qhov kev xav tau. Piv txwv li:
- PVOH + acrylic:Ib txheej PVOH (rau oxygen barrier) npog los ntawm acrylic txheej (rau dej tsis kam) - siv rau kev hloov pauv huab cua ntim (MAP) rau cov zaub mov tshiab.
- Acrylic + PLA:Ib qho acrylic primer (rau adhesion) npog los ntawm PLA txheej (rau dej / roj tsis kam thiab kub sealability) - siv rau cov khoom ntim khoom zoo.
- Wax emulsion + acrylic:Ib txheej wax emulsion (rau dej tsis kam thiab matte tiav) npog los ntawm acrylic txheej (rau durability thiab roj tsis kam) - siv rau cov khoom ntim khoom noj / organic.
Multi- txheej txheej muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaiv kev ua haujlwm tab sis nyuaj dua thiab kim dua. Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau siab - tus nqi lossis cov ntawv thov uas ib qho - txheej txheej tsis txaus.
Kev xaiv cov khoom: Fiber hom thiab noo noo ua haujlwm
Ntxiv nrog rau cov additives thiab coatings, kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov dej noo ntawm molded pulp. Ntawm no yog qhov sib txawv fiber ntau hom sib piv:
1. Recycled paper (post-consumer/post-industrial).Feem ntau thiab qis tshaj - tus nqi fiber ntau. Cov ntawv siv rov ua dua tshiab muaj lub zog zoo tab sis absorbs ya raws tau yooj yim (vim yog cov fiber ntau sib xyaw thiab muaj cov fillers thiab cov khoom paug). Cov ntawv siv rov ua dua yog tsim rau feem ntau cov ntawv thov nrog cov khoom siv sab hauv (ntub lub zog resin, sizing) thiab / lossis txheej txheej sab nraud. Rau siab - daim ntaub ntawv ntub dej, cov ntawv siv dua tshiab yuav xav tau cov txheej txheem ntau dua li cov hnab yas los yog nkauj xwb.
2. Bagasse (qab zib fiber).Bagasse yog cov fibrous residue los ntawm kev ua cov suab thaj. Bagasse fibers yog luv dua, finer, thiab ntau dua li cov ntaub ntawv siv dua tshiab, ua rau cov khoom denser, smoother nrog cov pores me me. Cov qauv denser txhais tau hais tias dej nkag mus qeeb dua - bagasse absorbs 10-20% tsawg dua noo noo ntau dua li cov ntawv siv dua ntawm tib qhov ntom thiab av noo. Bagasse kuj muaj cov xim dawb / xim dawb (tsis xav tau tshuaj dawb) thiab yog tsim los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb (them rov ua dua tshiab, pov tseg). Bagasse yog cov khoom siv fiber ntau rau cov khoom siv khoom noj khoom haus (phaj, tais, clamshells) thiab cov ntawv thov hwm uas qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov dej noo thiab qhov tsos yog qhov tseem ceeb. Bagasse yog me ntsis kim dua li cov ntawv siv dua tshiab tab sis muaj cov dej noo zoo dua thiab zoo li qub.
3. bleached recycled ntawv.Cov ntawv siv rov ua dua tshiab uas tau muab tshuaj ntxuav kom tshem tau tus cwj mem thiab xim, ua cov khoom dawb lossis lub teeb - grey. Kev tshuaj dawb tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tsos thiab luam tawm tab sis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nqus dej me ntsis (xws li tshuaj dawb tuaj yeem tshem tawm qee qhov dej ntuj- cov khoom tiv thaiv ntawm fiber ntau). bleached recycled paper yog tsim rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau xim dawb / lub teeb (xws li, cov tais zaub mov zoo, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob) - siv nrog cov ntaub ntub dej thiab / lossis txheej rau kev ua haujlwm noo noo.
4. Virgin kraft ntawv.Virgin (tsis yog{0}}recycled) kraft fibers yog ntev, muaj zog, thiab sib xws. Virgin kraft ua kom muaj zog, zoo ib yam, lub teeb - cov khoom xim av nrog lub ntsej muag du. Virgin kraft muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov dej noo me ntsis dua li cov ntawv siv dua tshiab (vim ntev dua, cov fibers zoo dua qub thiab tsis muaj cov kab mob sib kis) tab sis kim dua thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua ib puag ncig (logging, pulping chemicals). Virgin kraft yog siv rau siab -kev ua tau zoo lossis khoom noj khoom haus- cov ntawv thov qib uas muaj zog thiab sib xws yog qhov tseem ceeb.
5. Xyoob, nplej straw, thiab lwm yam qoob loo fibers.Ib pawg loj hlob ntawm lwm qhov chaw fiber ntau. Xyoob fibers yog ntev thiab muaj zog (zoo ib yam li nkauj xwb kraft) thiab xyoob yog ib tug ceev - loj hlob, renewable resource. Nplej straw yog kev ua liaj ua teb byproduct (khoom khib nyiab) nrog luv fibers (zoo ib yam li bagasse). Cov fibers no muaj ntau yam kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov dej noo - xyoob zoo ib yam li nkauj xwb kraft, nplej straw zoo ib yam li bagasse. Lawv tsis tshua muaj dav thiab kim dua li cov ntawv siv los yog bagasse, tab sis lawv muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tsim nyog rau niche lossis premium applications.
6. Fiber sib tov.Feem ntau molded pulp khoom yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm fibers - tsis yog ib hom fiber ntau. Kev sib xyaw ua ke tso cai rau cov tuam txhab ua kom zoo tshaj plaws: piv txwv li, 70% cov ntawv siv dua tshiab + 30% bagasse (kom zoo dua cov dej noo thiab cov tsos ntawm tus nqi qis dua 100% bagasse), lossis 80% cov ntawv siv dua tshiab + 20% virgin kraft (rau lub zog siab dua ntawm tus nqi qis dua 100% nkauj xwb). Cov kev sib xyaw tshwj xeeb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov khoom xav tau thiab cov chaw tsim khoom fiber ntau.
Kev xyaum zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm noo noo:Rau siab -kev siv dej noo, siv lub bagasse- nplua nuj sib xyaw (50%+ bagasse) nrog PAE ntub lub zog resin, AKD sizing, thiab dej-raws li txheej txheej (acrylic lossis styrene-acrylic). Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no muab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov dej noo zoo - txo cov dej noo los ntawm 80-90% thiab tuav 40-60% ntawm lub zog qhuav thaum ntub - thaum cov zaub mov tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb, rov ua dua, thiab compostable.
Kev Ntsuas Cov Txheej Txheem: Yuav Ua Li Cas Txheeb Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Ntawm Cov Dej Num
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov tais yas pwm ua tau raws li koj cov kev xav tau ntawm cov dej noo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau sim lawv siv cov txheej txheem txheem. Nov yog cov kev xeem tseem ceeb:
1. Kev ntsuas dej noo.Kev ntsuas dej noo yooj yim - ntsuas cov dej hauv cov khoom lag luam molded. Tus qauv txheej txheem yog qhov cub- txoj kev qhuav (ASTM D4442 lossis TAPPI T 411): ntsuas tus qauv, qhuav hauv qhov cub ntawm 105 degrees Celsius kom txog thaum qhov hnyav tas li, tom qab ntawd rov- hnyav thiab xam cov dej noo raws li feem pua ntawm qhov hnyav qhuav. Lub hom phiaj noo noo cov ntsiab lus rau cov molded tiav lawm yog 6-10% (qhuav dhau=brittle, ntub heev=tsis muaj zog thiab pwm txaus). Cov ntsiab lus noo noo kuj tuaj yeem ntsuas nrog tus pin-hom lossis pinless noo noo ntsuas (ceev dua tab sis tsis raug).
2. Kev ntsuas dej nqus (Cobb test).Kev ntsuas Cobb (TAPPI T 441 lossis ISO 535) ntsuas cov dej nqus los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom hauv lub sijhawm. Cov dej ntsuas ntsuas tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw rau lub sijhawm teem tseg (feem ntau 30 vib nas this, 1 feeb, lossis 5 feeb), tom qab ntawd cov dej raug tshem tawm thiab cov qauv rov qab - hnyav. Tus nqi Cobb yog qhov hnyav ntawm cov dej nqus hauv ib chav tsev (g / m²). Tus nqi Cobb qis dua qhia tau tias dej tsis kam. Uncoated molded pulp feem ntau muaj Cobb tus nqi ntawm 50-150 g / m² (30 vib nas this), thaum coated molded pulp tuaj yeem muaj Cobb tus nqi ntawm 5-30 g / m² (30 vib nas this) - txo 70-90%.
3. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntub dej.Kev ntsuas lub zog ntub dej ntsuas lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv thaum ntub. Tus qauv txheej txheem yog tsau cov qauv hauv dej rau lub sijhawm teev tseg (feem ntau 1 teev lossis 24 teev), tom qab ntawd ntsuas lub zog tensile (ASTM D828 lossis TAPPI T 494) lossis tawg lub zog (ASTM D774 lossis TAPPI T 810) ntawm cov qauv ntub dej. Lub zog ntub yog qhia raws li feem pua ntawm lub zog qhuav. Cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis kho moulded feem ntau khaws 20-50% ntawm lub zog qhuav tom qab 1 teev soaking (tab sis poob lub zog sai heev - hauv feeb), thaum PAE-kho moulded pulp khaws 30-50% ntawm lub zog qhuav tom qab 1 teev soaking (thiab khaws cov qib no rau lub sijhawm ntev). Rau cov tais, ib qho kev ntsuas compression (ntsuas lub load lub tais tuaj yeem txhawb nqa thaum ntub dej) yuav cuam tshuam ntau dua li tensile lossis tawg lub zog.
4. Kev ntsuam xyuas cov av noo.Qhov kev ntsuas no ntsuas qhov nqus dej noo thiab qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv molded thaum raug cov av noo siab. Cov qauv yog conditioned nyob rau hauv cov av noo chamber ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb kub thiab av noo (xws li, 38 degrees Celsius, 90% RH, ib ASTM D685 los yog TAPPI T 402) rau ib lub sij hawm (24 teev, 72 teev, 7 hnub), ces ntsuas cov dej noo, qhov ntev, thiab lub zog. Qhov kev sim no simulates cov xwm txheej ntawm siab -cov av noo cia los yog shipping (xws li, huab cua sov, dej hiav txwv voyages). Lub qhov dej-tsim tsim cov dej noo- pov thawj lub tais yuav tsum tuav nws qhov ntev (warping<2%) and strength (retaining >50% ntawm lub zog qhuav) tom qab 72 teev ntawm 90% RH.
5. Kev sib cuag ua kua.Qhov kev ntsuas no ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv molded thaum nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov kua (simulating cov khoom ntub, nchuav, los yog condensation). Lub tais ntim nrog dej (los yog cov kua dej tshwj xeeb - xws li cov kua ntses, roj, kua txiv) rau lub sijhawm teev tseg (1 teev, 4 teev, 24 teev), ces lub tais raug tshuaj xyuas rau cov dej xau, deformation, softening, thiab degradation degradation. Rau cov ntawv thov zaub mov, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kuj tseem tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov kev txav ntawm cov khoom los ntawm lub ntim rau hauv cov kua (khoom noj khoom haus kev nyab xeeb). Cov dej noo- pov thawj lub tais yuav tsum tsis txhob xau, yuav tsum tswj nws cov duab, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob ua mos lossis tawg tom qab lub sijhawm sib cuag ua kua.
6. Kev kuaj roj av (rau cov ntawv thov zaub mov).Rau kev siv cov khoom noj uas muaj roj (xws li, cov khoom noj kib, nqaij, ntses), roj kuj tseem ceeb npaum li dej tsis kam. Cov qauv ntsuas yog cov khoom siv kuaj (TAPPI T 559 lossis ASTM F119) - cov roj castor / heptane / toluene sib xyaw ntawm cov roj ntau ntxiv - lub zog nkag tau siv rau saum npoo, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws - cov lej sib xyaw uas tsis nkag mus yog "cov khoom siv ntsuas." Cov khoom siv ntau dua qhia tias muaj roj zoo dua. Uncoated molded pulp feem ntau muaj cov khoom ntsuas ntawm 0-1 (tsis muaj roj tsis kam), thaum coated molded pulp (styrene-acrylic lossis PLA) tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom ntsuas ntawm 5-12 (zoo rau cov roj zoo heev).
7. Compostability thiab recyclability kuaj.Rau cov khoom uas hais tias compostability los yog recyclability, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tseeb tias cov ya raws - pov thawj additives thiab coatings tsis cuam tshuam nrog composting los yog recycling. Compostability raug kuaj raws li ASTM D6400 lossis EN 13432 ( ntsuas kev puas tsuaj thiab biodegradation nyob rau hauv kev lag luam composting). Kev rov ua dua tshiab tau raug sim raws li cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab (tseem ntsuas lub peev xwm rov ua dua -cov ntaub ntawv thiab tsim cov ntawv siv tau). Rau feem ntau cov zaub mov-qib ya raws- pov thawj tshuab (PAE + AKD + dej-raws li acrylic txheej), compostability thiab recyclability yog khaws cia - tab sis nco ntsoov xyuas nrog tus neeg muab txheej txheej thiab, yog tias xav tau, tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj thib peb (BPI, OK Compost).
Cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv siab -Cov av noo thiab khoom noj khoom haus
Raws li cov thev naus laus zis thiab cov qauv kev sim uas tau tham txog, ntawm no yog cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws los ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov dej noo hauv siab - cov av noo thiab cov khoom noj.
1. Pib nrog txoj kev sib xyaw fiber ntau.Siv lub bagasse-nplua nuj sib xyaw (50%+ bagasse) rau siab -cov ntaub ntawv ntub dej - bagasse's denser, fiber ntau cov qauv muab cov dej noo zoo dua qub dua li cov ntawv siv dua. Rau kev hwm lossis siab tshaj - daim ntawv thov kev ua tau zoo, xav txog virgin kraft lossis xyoob (rau lub zog) lossis kev cai sib xyaw ua kom zoo rau koj cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.
2. Siv cov khoom siv sab hauv los ua lub hauv paus.Ib txwm suav nrog PAE ntub lub zog resin (0.5-1.5% rau zaub mov-qib) thiab AKD sizing (0.1-0.5%) hauv daim ntawv pulp. Cov khoom siv sab hauv no muab cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov dej noo hauv paus - lawv tuav lub zog yog tias dej nkag mus thiab tiv thaiv qhov nqus ntawm cov dej me me. Internal additives yog tus nqi-zoo thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau compostability los yog recyclability.
3. Ntxiv cov txheej txheej sab nraud rau kev thov.Rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev sib cuag ua kua ntev, cov av noo siab, lossis roj tsis kam, ntxiv dej -raws li txheej txheej (acrylic lossis styrene-acrylic) los ntawm kev txau lossis dipping. Cov coatings muab cov kev tiv thaiv zoo uas cov khoom siv sab hauv tsis tuaj yeem - txo cov dej noo los ntawm 70-90% thiab tiv thaiv cov kua nkag mus rau ntau teev rau hnub. Rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau tshaj plaws (piv txwv li, cov khoom noj khov, hloov chaw ntim khoom), xav txog PLA coatings lossis ntau txheej txheej.
4. Ua kom tiav txheej txheej.Qhov feem ntau ua rau txheej txheej tsis ua tiav yog qhov tsis tiav - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm cov npoo, txiav qhov chaw, thiab cov yam ntxwv 3D nyuaj. Xyuas kom meej tias: (a) txheej txheej yog siv los ntawm ib txoj kev uas npog txhua qhov chaw (txhaj tshuaj los yog dipping rau cov duab nyuaj); (b) cov npoo thiab qhov chaw txiav yog coated (thov txheej tom qab trimming, los yog siv dipping uas npog npoo); (c) txheej txheej yog tsim nyog (5-30 microns, nyob ntawm seb hom txheej thiab kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua); (d) cov txheej txheej tau kho kom zoo / qhuav (ua raws li tus neeg xa khoom txheej txheej cov lus pom zoo rau qhov kub thiab txias).
5. Tsim kom muaj kev ua haujlwm noo noo.Kev tsim ntawm lub tais nws tus kheej cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov dej noo: (a) zam cov phab ntsa nyias nyias (<1mm) in moisture-exposed areas (thinner walls lose strength faster when wet); (b) include adequate ribbing and structural features (these provide additional strength when wet); (c) design for drainage (if the tray may be exposed to liquid, include drainage holes or sloped surfaces to allow water to drain rather than pool); (d) avoid sharp corners and deep, narrow cavities (these are harder to coat uniformly and may trap moisture).
6. Tswj kev tsim cov dej noo.Xyuas kom meej tias cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tsim cov tais nrog cov dej noo zoo ib yam (6-10%): (a) tswj kom qhuav qhov kub thiab lub sijhawm (hauv- ziab=siab noo=pwm txaus thiab tsis muaj zog; dhau- ziab=brittle=tawg); (b) saib xyuas cov dej noo tsis tu ncua (txhua 1-2 teev thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom); (c) khaws cov tais tiav hauv qhov chaw qhuav, huab cua-tswj ib puag ncig (40-60% RH) txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev nqus dej ua ntej xa khoom; (d) siv cov khoom ntim khoom ntub dej (piv txwv li, hnab yas lossis qhwv qhwv) rau cov tais uas yuav khaws cia lossis xa mus rau qhov chaw muaj av noo.
7. Kuaj thiab siv tau.Ib txwm sim cov khoom kawg kom paub tseeb tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov dej noo: (a) cov ntsiab lus noo noo (lub hom phiaj 6-10%); (b) Cobb test (target<30 g/m² for coated products); (c) wet strength (target >30% ntawm lub zog qhuav tom qab 1 teev soaking); (d) huab cua txias (lub hom phiaj<2% warping and >50% lub zog tuav tom qab 72 teev ntawm 90% RH); (e) Kev ntsuas kev sib cuag ua kua (lub hom phiaj tsis muaj qhov xau, tsis muaj deformation, tsis muaj softening tom qab lub sijhawm sib cuag); (f) kev nyab xeeb tiv tauj zaub mov (yog muaj - txheeb xyuas kev ua raws li kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw); (g) compostability/recyclability (yog tias thov cov no - xyuas nrog thib peb - ntawv pov thawj). Kuaj thaum pib ntawm kev tsim khoom, ib ntus thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, thiab thaum twg muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, txheej txheem, lossis tsim.
8. Xav txog lub neej tag nrho.Thaum xaiv cov dej noo- pov thawj technologies, xav txog tag nrho lub neej ntawm cov ntim khoom - tsis yog cov dej noo ua haujlwm xwb. Cov yam tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog suav nrog: (a) kev nyab xeeb zaub mov (kom paub meej tias tag nrho cov khoom siv ntxiv thiab cov txheej txheem yog zaub mov- nyab xeeb rau koj daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb); (b) compostability (yog hais tias cov khoom yuav composted, xyuas kom meej tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yog compostable - tsis txhob PLA yog hais tias tsim nyog composting tsev, tsis txhob paraffin wax); (c) recyclability (yog tias cov khoom yuav rov ua dua tshiab, xyuas kom meej tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv sib xws nrog cov ntawv rov ua dua tshiab - zam PLA thiab paraffin wax); (d) tus nqi (sib npaug kev ua tau zoo nrog tus nqi - tsis dhau- engineers rau daim ntawv thov uas tsis xav tau nws); (e) kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig (xaiv qhov kev xaiv ruaj khov tshaj plaws uas ua tau raws li koj cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm - dej-raws li txheej txheej feem ntau muaj kev ruaj khov dua li PLA lossis siv quav ciab).
Kab hauv qab
Cov dej noo yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws rau molded pulp - tab sis nws yog ib qho kev sib tw uas tuaj yeem daws tau zoo nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv ntxiv, txheej txheej, tsim, thiab kev sim. Niaj hnub nimno noo noo- pov thawj technologies - ntub lub zog resins (PAE), sizing agents (AKD), dej-raws li barrier coatings (acrylic, styrene-acrylic), PLA coatings, thiab optimized fiber ntau blends (bagasse-nplua nuj) - kom muaj zog nyob rau hauv cov pwm los tiv thaiv lub zog ntawm lub pulp (high humidity, ua kua, daim ntawv thov zaub mov, dej hiav txwv voyages).
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ya raws- pov thawj molded pulp yog:
1. Internal additives yog lub hauv paus- PAE ntub lub zog resin tuav lub zog thaum ntub, AKD sizing tiv thaiv qhov chaw nqus. Ib txwm suav nrog ob qho tib si rau cov dej noo-sensitive applications.
2. Sab nrauv txheej muab kev tiv thaiv zoo- dej-raws li acrylic los yog styrene-acrylic coatings txo cov dej noo los ntawm 70-90% thiab yog cov zaub mov tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb, rov ua dua tshiab, thiab compostable. Siv lawv rau daim ntawv thov xav tau.
3. Kev xaiv fiber ntau tseem ceeb- bagasse- cov nplua nuj sib xyaw muab cov dej noo zoo dua qub dua li cov ntawv siv dua tshiab. Siv bagasse rau siab -moisture thiab zaub mov.
4. Qhov kev pab cuam tiav yog qhov tseem ceeb- xyuas kom cov coatings npog txhua qhov chaw, suav nrog cov npoo thiab cov yam ntxwv nyuaj. Siv tshuaj tsuag los yog dipping rau complex 3D duab.
5. Tsim kom muaj dej noo- zam cov phab ntsa nyias nyias, suav nrog ribbing, tsim rau cov kua dej, tsis txhob nyuaj-rau- tsho loj.
6. Test thiab validate- siv cov qauv ntsuas (cov ntsiab lus noo noo, Cobb, lub zog ntub dej, cua txias, dej sib cuag) los xyuas qhov ua tau zoo.
7. Xav txog lub neej tag nrho- sib npaug ntawm cov dej noo nrog kev nyab xeeb ntawm zaub mov, compostability, recyclability, nqi, thiab ib puag ncig.
Nrog rau kev ya raws txoj cai - pov thawj txoj hauv kev, molded pulp tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas yog ib zaug tshwj xeeb ntawm cov yas thiab ua npuas ncauj - kev pabcuam zaub mov (clamshells, tais, phaj), khov tais, khob dej haus, nqaij thiab tsim cov tais, siab - av noo shipping, thiab ntau dua. Thiab tsis zoo li cov yas thiab ua npuas dej, cov dej noo- cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj molded pulp yog tag nrho recyclable, compostable, ua los ntawm cov khoom siv rov qab los yog rov ua dua tshiab, thiab muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg dua - ua rau nws muaj kev xaiv ruaj khov rau cov dej noo- ntim rhiab heev.
Ntawm Hesheng, peb muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev ya raws - pov thawj molded pulp manufacturing. Peb muab ntau yam dej noo- pov thawj technologies - PAE ntub lub zog resin, AKD sizing, dej-raws li barrier coatings (acrylic, styrene-acrylic, PU), PLA coatings, bagasse- nplua nuj fiber ntau sib xyaw, thiab cov kev cai tshwj xeeb} peb tuaj yeem ua rau koj xaiv. Peb cov zaub mov-qib ya raws{10}} cov khoom pov thawj ua tau raws li FDA, EFSA, thiab GB cov cai tiv thaiv zaub mov, thiab peb cov txheej txheem yog compostable (BPI, OK Compost) thiab rov ua dua. Peb kuj tseem muab cov kev pabcuam kuaj xyuas dav dav - cov ntsiab lus noo noo, Cobb, ntub lub zog, av noo txias, dej sib cuag, roj tsis kam, kev sib cuag zaub mov - los xyuas kom meej tias koj cov khoom ua tau raws li koj cov kev xav tau ntawm cov dej noo.
Yog tias koj tab tom tsim pwm ntim cov ntawv ntim rau qhov siab - av noo los yog daim ntawv thov zaub mov thiab xav tau noo noo- pov thawj,hu rau Hesheng pab neeg- peb zoo siab los soj ntsuam koj cov kev xav tau, pom zoo kom muaj dej noo zoo - pov thawj txoj hauv kev, muab cov qauv thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas, thiab coj koj mus rau txhua kauj ruam ntawm txoj kev txhim kho. Cov dej noo tsis tas yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ntim khoom ruaj khov - nrog cov thev naus laus zis thiab kev txawj ntse, molded pulp tuaj yeem ua tau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyuaj tshaj plaws. Cia peb pab koj ua kom nws tshwm sim.
