Moulded pulp trays tej zaum yuav zoo li yooj yim - ib daim ntawv zoo li daim ntawv fiber ntau - tab sis cov txheej txheem tsim tom qab lawv yog qhov nyuaj heev, uas muaj ntau theem, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, thiab ua tib zoo tswj tsis tau. Los ntawm cov nqaij nyoos slurry mus rau qhov tiav, ntim cov tais, txhua theem ntawm cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam rau qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom zoo, sib xws, nqi, thiab kev ua haujlwm. Kev nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem no - thiab cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom tsis sib xws - yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg koom nrog hauv cov pwm pwm: cov kws tsim khoom ntim cov khoom ntim cov tais ntim khoom, cov kws tshaj lij kev muag khoom ntsuas cov neeg xa khoom thiab cov nqi, cov thawj coj zoo teeb tsa kev lees paub, lossis cov neeg lag luam txiav txim siab nkag mus rau lub lag luam molded pulp. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg sab nraud kev lag luam tsuas muaj kev nkag siab tsis meej txog yuav ua li cas molded pulp ua tau tiag tiag - lawv yuav paub tias nws cuam tshuam nrog "moulding paper pulp" tab sis tsis muaj kev nthuav dav txog cov theem tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv, thiab cov kev txwv. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb muab cov lus qhia dav dav, kauj ruam -los ntawm-cov kauj ruam kev qhia rau cov txheej txheem molded pulp tray manufacturing txheej txheem: pulp npaj (hydrapulper, tshuaj ntsuam, refining, chemistry), sib sau (reciprocating, rotary, hloov moulding - nrog rau lub sij hawm voj voog thiab tsis), {2} cua sov, qhuav (kub, qhov cub) nias / thermoforming (presses, kub, pressures, voj voog lub sij hawm), trimming thiab tiav, txheej thiab luam ntawv, zoo tswj, thiab ntim. Peb suav nrog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, cov txheej txheem tsis raug, tus nqi tsim khoom, thiab cov teeb meem zoo sib xws ntawm txhua theem - yog li koj tuaj yeem nkag siab tsis yog tias cov khoom siv molded ua li cas, tab sis vim li cas txhua kauj ruam tseem ceeb thiab nws cuam tshuam li cas rau cov khoom kawg. Txawm hais tias koj tab tom ntsuam xyuas cov khoom lag luam molded pulp, qhia txog lub tais kev cai, lossis xav txog kev nqis peev hauv molded pulp manufacturing, phau ntawv qhia no yuav tsum muab cov kev paub rau koj los txiav txim siab.
Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm Kev Tsim Khoom
Moulded pulp tray manufacturing yuav muab faib ua yim theem tseem ceeb, txhua tus nrog nws tus kheej cov cuab yeej, tsis, thiab kev xav zoo:
- Kev npaj pulp- Raw fiber (daim ntawv siv dua, bagasse, thiab lwm yam) yog hloov mus rau hauv ib qho kev sib xws, huv si pulp slurry nrog txoj cai sib xws, fiber ntau ntev, thiab tshuaj ntxiv.
- tsim- Lub pulp slurry yog tsim rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub tais uas siv lub mesh pwm thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev nqus. Qhov no yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb uas tsim lub tais 3D duab.
- Hloov- Cov ntaub ntub dej, tsim cov tais yog hloov los ntawm cov pwm pwm mus rau pwm kom qhuav (rau kev hloov- cov khoom pwm) lossis ncaj qha mus rau lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws (rau qee cov txheej txheem).
- Qhuav- Lub tais ntub yog qhuav hauv qhov cub kub kom tshem tawm cov dej noo, los ntawm ~ 75% noo noo (ntub) mus rau 6-10% noo noo (tiav).
- Kub nias / thermoforming- (Rau cov khoom siv thermoformed nkaus xwb) Lub tais qhuav lossis ib nrab qhuav yog compressed ntawm rhuab pwm los tsim cov khoom du, ntom, meej.
- Trimming thiab tiav- Cov npoo ntawm lub tais tau muab txiav rau qhov loj me, thiab cov khoom siv ntau dhau raug tshem tawm.
- Txheej thiab luam ntawv- (Yeem) Barrier coatings, printing, embossing, or other finishing operations are applying.
- Kev tswj kom zoo thiab ntim khoom- Cov tais tiav tau raug tshuaj xyuas, kuaj, thiab ntim khoom xa tuaj.
Cia peb tshuaj xyuas txhua theem kom ntxaws.
Kauj Ruam 1: Kev Npaj Pulp
Kev npaj pulp yog lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem - qhov zoo thiab sib xws ntawm cov pulp slurry ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov zoo thiab sib xws ntawm cov khoom kawg. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev npaj pulp yog hloov cov fiber ntau (daim ntawv rov ua dua tshiab, bagasse, thiab lwm yam) rau hauv ib qho zoo, huv si, zoo - dispersed pulp slurry nrog txoj cai sib xws (fiber concentration), fiber ntau tis, thiab tshuaj additives.
1.1 Raw Khoom tuav
Cov ntaub ntawv raw:Cov khoom siv raw tshaj plaws rau molded pulp yog:
- Recycled paper (post-consumer and post-industrial):Cov thawv qub corrugated (OCC), cov ntawv xov xwm qub (ONP), cov ntawv sib xyaw, thiab hloov cov khib nyiab. Feem ntau thiab qis tshaj - cov khoom siv raw.
- Bagasse (sugarcane fiber):Fibrous residue los ntawm kev ua qab zib. Siv rau cov khoom siv khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev siv hwm zoo vim nws qhov chaw du, ntuj xim xim, thiab zoo dua noo noo tsis kam.
- bleached recycled ntawv:Cov ntawv siv dua tshiab uas tau deinked thiab bleached los ua ib qho dawb lossis lub teeb - grey pulp. Siv rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau xim dawb / lub teeb.
- Nkauj xwb kraft pulp:Virgin (non{0}}recycled) ntoo pulp. Siv rau siab -kev ua tau zoo lossis zaub mov- cov ntawv thov qib uas xav tau lub zog siab tshaj plaws thiab sib xws.
- Nplej straw, xyoob, thiab lwm yam qoob loo fibers:Lwm cov khoom siv fiber ntau siv hauv niche lossis premium applications.
Kev tuav:Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos feem ntau yog xa hauv bales (rau cov ntawv siv dua thiab bagasse) los yog yob / ntawv (rau kev hloov cov khib nyiab). Bales tau tawg qhib thiab pub rau hauv lub tshuab pulping los ntawm conveyor lossis forklift. Cov khoom siv raw yog tshuaj xyuas cov khoom tsis huv (yas, hlau, iav, pob zeb) ua ntej nkag mus rau lub pulper.
1.2 Hydrapulper (Pulping)
Lub hydrapulper (los yog pulper) yog ib tug loj, cylindrical vat nrog ib tug rotating impeller nyob rau hauv qab uas agitates raw fiber nyob rau hauv dej, rhuav nws mus rau hauv ib tug neeg fibers.
Nws ua haujlwm li cas:Raw fiber ntau thiab dej yog thauj mus rau hauv lub pulper ntawm ib qho piv txwv (feem ntau 3-8% fiber ntau sib xws - piv txwv li, 3-8kg fiber ntau ib 100kg dej). Lub impeller tig ntawm 200-500 RPM, tsim kom muaj lub vortex turbulent uas tawg cov bales sib nrug thiab cais cov fibers. Cov txheej txheem pulping yuav siv sij hawm 15-60 feeb, nyob ntawm seb hom khoom siv raw thiab qhov xav tau fiber ntau sib cais. Cov tshuaj (xws li, NaOH rau kev hloov pH, defoamers, ntub lub zog resins) tuaj yeem muab ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm pulping.
Khoom specifications:
| Parameter | Hom kab mob | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|
| Pulper ntim | 2-20 cubic meters | Me me rau batch, loj rau nruam |
| Impeller ceev | 200-500 RPM | Kev kub ceev=ceev pulping, tab sis fiber ntau puas |
| Lub cev muaj zog | 15-150 kW | Nyob ntawm pulper ntim thiab ntau lawm tus nqi |
| Pulp sib xws | 3-8% (thaum lub sij hawm pulping) | Kev sib npaug siab dua=ua haujlwm tau zoo dua, tab sis nyuaj rau twj |
| Dej kub | 20-60 ° C | Cov dej sov ua kom nrawm nrawm thiab tshem tawm cov number case |
| Pulping lub sijhawm | 15-60 feeb (batch) | Nruam pulpers tsis muaj sij hawm tas |
Tej teeb meem zoo:(1) Kev sib cais fiber ntau tsis tiav ("flakes" lossis "shives" - undispersed fiber bundles) - tshwm sim los ntawm lub sij hawm pulping tsis txaus lossis impeller ceev; ua rau cov chaw tsis muaj zog thiab qhov chaw tsis xws luag hauv lub tais kawg. (2) Ntev fiber ntau shortening (fiber puas) - tshwm sim los ntawm ntau lub sij hawm pulping los yog siab impeller ceev; ua rau qis zog. (3) Cov kab mob (yas, hlau, iav) - tsis tshem tawm thaum lub sij hawm pulping; tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv qis qis thiab ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag. (4) Foaming - tshwm sim los ntawm huab cua nkag thiab cov pa paug; txo pulping efficiency thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem zoo; tswj nrog defoamers.
1.3 Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab ntxuav
Tom qab pulping, lub pulp slurry dhau los ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav kom tshem tawm cov kab mob thiab cov khoom tsis muaj fiber ntau.
Khoom siv:
- Cov ntxaij vab tshaus siab:Lub pulp slurry yog pumped los ntawm ib lub cylindrical screen nrog lub qhov me me los yog qhov (0.1-0.5mm). Cov fibers txais tau dhau los ntawm lub qhov, thaum cov khoom paug (yas, fiber ntau, cov av) khaws cia thiab tshem tawm. Cov ntxaij vab tshaus siab ua haujlwm ntawm 0.1-0.5 MPa siab.
- Centrifugal Cleaners (hydrocyclones):Lub pulp slurry yog pumped mus rau hauv lub conical chamber ntawm lub siab tshaj tawm, tsim ib tug centrifugal quab yuam uas cais hnyav cov kab mob (hlau, iav, xuab zeb, pob zeb) los ntawm lub lighter fiber. Cov kab mob hnyav raug tso tawm los ntawm hauv qab, thaum ntxuav fiber ntau tawm ntawm sab saum toj. Ntau cov hydrocyclones feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv series rau kev tu kom zoo dua qub.
- Deinking (rau bleached recycled ntawv):Yog tias siv cov ntawv siv rov ua dua tshiab uas yuav tsum tau ua kom dawb, cov ntaub so ntswg mus los ntawm cov txheej txheem deinking - cov ntaub ntawv tus cwj mem raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov fibers uas siv cov tshuaj (surfactants, NaOH, hydrogen peroxide) thiab tshem tawm los ntawm flotation (cov kua nplaum nplaum txuas nrog cov pa npuas thiab nce mus rau saum npoo, qhov chaw uas lawv tau skimmed ntxuav tawm).
Tej teeb meem zoo:(1) Lub vijtsam ntsaws - tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom paug siab lossis ib yam nkaus - qhib qhov screen zoo; txo tus nqi ntau lawm thiab yuav tsum tau ntxuav tas li. (2) Fiber poob - ib yam nkaus thiab- kev tshuaj ntsuam nruj / ntxuav tshem tawm cov fibers zoo nrog rau cov khoom paug; txo yields thiab nce nqi. (3) Tsis tiav deinking - residual number case ua rau grey / tsaus me ntsis hauv cov khoom kawg; cuam tshuam cov tsos rau cov khoom dawb / lub teeb.
1.4 Refining
Refining (los yog ntaus) yog cov txheej txheem kho tshuab uas kho cov fibers los txhim kho lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom kawg. Thaum lub sij hawm refining, lub pulp slurry hla ntawm rotating thiab nyob ruaj ruaj bars (refiner daim hlau) uas fibrillate cov fibers nto (tsim micro-fibrils uas ua rau kom thaj chaw saum npoo thiab qhov chaw sib txuas) thiab, kom tsawg dua, ua kom luv cov fibers.
Nws ua haujlwm li cas:Lub pulp slurry (ntawm 3-5% sib xws) yog pumped los ntawm ib tug refiner - feem ntau yog ib tug ob -disc refiner (ob rotating discs nrog tuav) los yog ib tug conical refiner (ib tug rotating cone nyob rau hauv ib tug nyob ruaj ruaj cone). Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov phaj refiner tswj cov kev siv zog refining - qhov sib txawv me me=ntau zog refining=ntau fibrillation thiab fiber ntau shortening. Kev kho kom zoo yog ntsuas hauv "Shopper-Riegler degrees" (℃SR) lossis "Canadian Standard Freeness" (CSF) - qib siab dua SR (lossis qis dua CSF)=ntau dua refined pulp.
Khoom specifications:
| Parameter | Hom kab mob | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|
| Refiner hom | Muab ob npaug rau-disc lossis conical | Muab ob npaug rau -disc ntau dua rau molded pulp |
| Lub cev muaj zog | 15-100 kW | Nyob ntawm ntau lawm tus nqi thiab refining siv |
| Pulp sib xws | 3-5% | Standard sib xws rau refining |
| Refining degree | 20-45℃SR (300-600 CSF) | qis dua=tsawg refined (muaj zog, bulkier); siab dua=ntau refined (nqus, denser, tab sis qis dua lub zog) |
| Lub zog tshwj xeeb | 50-300 kWh/ton | Lub zog tawm tswv yim ib tonne ntawm pulp; tswj refining siv |
Kev nkag siab tseem ceeb:Kev kho kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau cov khoom kawg lub zog, qhov smoothness, ntom, thiab cov dej ntws. Nyob rau hauv -cov ntaub so ntswg ua kom zoo (tsawg℃SR) tsim cov khoom muaj zog, loj, ntxhib nrog cov khoom tsis zoo. Tshaj - cov ntaub ntawv ua kom zoo nkauj (high℃SR) tsim cov khoom du, ntom, tab sis nrog lub zog tsim kua muag qis thiab qis qis qis (uas txo qis kev sib sau ceev thiab ua kom qhuav zog). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws refining℃nyob ntawm cov khoom hom: hloov- cov khoom molded (qhov twg lub zog thiab cov kua dej yog qhov tseem ceeb) feem ntau refined rau 20-30℃SR; Cov khoom siv thermoformed (qhov chaw smoothness thiab ntom yog qhov tseem ceeb) feem ntau ua kom zoo rau 30-45℃SR.
Tej teeb meem zoo:(1) Hauv qab -refining - ntxhib nto, tsis tshua muaj ntom, tsis zoo nto smoothness, tsis muaj zog inter- fiber ntau bonding. (2) Tshaj-refining - lub zog tsim kua muag qis, ua kua dej qeeb (txo qis ntau lawm), lub zog ziab kom qhuav, khoom nkig. (3) Kev ua kom zoo tsis sib xws - cov khoom lag luam sib txawv ntawm cov khoom mus rau batch; tswj los ntawm kev saib xyuas cov℃refining (℃SR / CSF) thiab lub zog tshwj xeeb.
1.5 Chemical Additives thiab Pulp Cia
Tom qab refining, tshuaj additives yog tov rau hauv lub pulp slurry los hloov nws cov khoom, thiab cov pulp yog khaws cia rau hauv lub tshuab hauv siab (los yog headbox) npaj rau kev tsim.
Common tshuaj additives:
- Lub zog ntub dej (PAE, MF):Ntxiv ntawm 0.5-2% los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm fiber ntau kom muaj zog thaum ntub. Qhov tseem ceeb rau zaub mov- qib thiab cov av noo siab.
- Sizing tus neeg sawv cev (AKD, ASA):Ntxiv ntawm 0.1-0.5% los ntawm qhov hnyav los ua kom cov dej tsis zoo.
- Kev pab tuav pov hwm (polyacrylamide, cationic starch):Ntxiv ntawm 0.05-0.2% txhawm rau txhim kho fiber ntau thaum lub sij hawm tsim (txo fiber ntau los ntawm pwm mesh) thiab txhim kho cov kua dej.
- Defoamers:Ntxiv rau kev tswj foaming thaum lub sij hawm pulping thiab sib sau.
- Dyes/pigments:Ntxiv rau xim lub pulp (rau kev cai -xim khoom).
- pH adjusters (NaOH, alum):Ntxiv rau kev tswj pH (feem ntau 6.5-8.5 rau PAE ntub lub zog resin; 4.5-6.0 rau MF ntub lub zog resin thiab rosin sizing).
- ESD additives:Ntxiv rau ESD- cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb (cov ntim khoom siv hluav taws xob).
Pulp ruaj khov:Cov ntaub ntawv npaj tau muab cia rau hauv lub tshuab hauv siab (lub tank loj, agitated) ntawm qhov sib xws ntawm 0.5-2% (diluted los ntawm 3-5% refining sib xws). Lub hauv siab tshuab ua kom cov tawv nqaij sib xyaw kom zoo (kom tsis txhob muaj fiber ntau) thiab nyob rau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias sib xws. Los ntawm lub hauv siab tshuab, lub pulp yog pumped mus rau lub tshuab lub taub hau, qhov twg nws yog ntxiv diluted mus rau lub sib xws (feem ntau 0.3-1.0%).
Tej teeb meem zoo:(1) Kev siv tshuaj ntxiv tsis sib xws - cov khoom lag luam sib txawv (ntub lub zog, dej tsis kam, xim); tswj los ntawm cov twj tso kua mis meej thiab kev saib xyuas online. (2) Additive incompatibility - ib co additives (piv txwv li, cationic PAE thiab anionic dyes) tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg, txo kev ua haujlwm; tswj los ntawm kev txiav txim ntxiv kom raug thiab ntau npaum li cas. (3) Fiber nyob rau hauv cia - tshwm sim los ntawm tsis txaus agitation; ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pulp sib xws thiab cov khoom zoo.
Kauj Ruam 2: Tsim
Kev tsim yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv molded pulp manufacturing - nws yog qhov twg cov kua pulp slurry hloov mus rau hauv 3D lub tais. Kev tsim cov txheej txheem siv lub mesh pwm (cov pwm hlau npog nrog lub ntsej muag zoo) thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev nqus kom tso cov fibers mus rau hauv pwm, tsim cov phaj zoo.
2.1 Tsim Cov Cai
Nws ua haujlwm li cas:Lub mesh pwm (nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub tais - txiv neej los yog poj niam) yog immersed nyob rau hauv (los yog sprayed nrog) lub pulp slurry. Lub tshuab nqus tsev yog siv los ntawm cov pwm, nqus dej los ntawm cov mesh thiab tso cov fibers rau ntawm pwm nto. Raws li ntau cov fibers tso, fiber lev loj hlob thicker - lub sij hawm tsim tswj cov phab ntsa thickness (ntev sij hawm tsim=thicker phab ntsa). Thaum lub thickness xav tau tiav, lub tshuab nqus tsev yog nres, thiab cov pwm raug tshem tawm ntawm slurry. Cov ntaub ntub dej ntub dej (lub tais) tam sim no tuav ntawm cov pwm los ntawm cov khoom seem ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab qhov nro.
Key forming parameters:
| Parameter | Hom kab mob | Qhov cuam tshuam rau cov khoom |
|---|---|---|
| Pulp sib xws (forming) | 0.3-1.0% | Txo qhov sib xws=ntau hom fiber ntau deposition, tab sis qeeb txoj kev sib sau; siab dua qhov sib xws=nrawm dua, tab sis tsis sib xws |
| Lub tshuab nqus tsev siab | 0.03-0.08 MPa (300-800 mbar) | Lub tshuab nqus tsev siab dua=cov kua dej nrawm dua thiab tsim, tab sis yuav ua rau muaj fiber ntau tsiv thiab tsis sib xws |
| Lub sijhawm tsim | 2-15 vib nas this | Ntev ntev=phab ntsa tuab (1.5-10mm); tswj cov khoom siv thiab lub zog |
| Mould mesh loj | 40-100 mesh (0.15-0.4mm qhib) | Finer mesh=smoother nto, tab sis maj mam ntws thiab ntau clogging; coarser mesh=nrawm dua, tab sis rougher nto |
| Pwm kub | 20-50 ° C | Cov pwm sov=cov kua dej sai dua thiab tso tawm yooj yim dua; qee lub tshuab siv cov pwm ua kom sov |
| Cov ntaub ntub dej ntub cov ntsiab lus | 70-80% | Tom qab tsim, lub tais yog 70-80% dej (los ntawm qhov hnyav) - yuav tsum tau qhuav rau 6-10% |
2.2 Kev tsim tshuab hom
Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov tshuab siv hauv molded pulp manufacturing, txhua tus muaj peev xwm sib txawv, ntau lawm, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom:
1. Reciprocating ( ntsug) txoj kev tshuab.Hom kev hloov pauv ntau tshaj - cov khoom pwm. Cov pwm tsim txav vertically (nce thiab nqis) - nws dips mus rau hauv lub pulp slurry, lub tshuab nqus tsev yog siv los ua lub tais, ces cov pwm nce tawm ntawm slurry. Lub tais ntub dej yog muab xa mus rau lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws (uas txav mus rau kab rov tav kom tau raws li cov pwm pwm) thiab tso rau hauv pwm kom qhuav. Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws nqa lub tais mus rau qhov ziab kom qhuav.
- Tus nqi tsim khoom:100-600 cycles ib teev (nyob ntawm cov khoom loj thiab complexity).
- Cov khoom:Qe cartons, tsim cov tais, lub raj mis nqa, cov tais ntim khoom, cov khoom tiv thaiv kaum - hloov pauv tus qauv- cov khoom pwm.
- Qhov zoo:Ntau yam (tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau yam khoom loj thiab cov duab), tus nqi qis, yooj yim hloov pwm.
- Kev txwv:Tsawg dua tus nqi ntau dua li cov tshuab teb, txwv rau kev hloov pauv - cov khoom pwm (tsis yog thermoformed).
2. Rotary (cylindrical) txoj kev tshuab.Lub tshuab ua haujlwm siab - qhov twg cov pwm tsim tau mounted rau ntawm lub tog raj kheej tig (nruas). Raws li lub tog raj kheej tig, txhua pwm dips mus rau hauv lub pulp slurry hauv qab, lub tshuab nqus tsev yog siv los ua lub tais, thiab lub tais tsim tau hloov mus rau pwm kom qhuav (tseem mounted ntawm lub tog raj kheej tig) raws li cov pwm sib ntsib rau saum. Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws nqa cov tais los ntawm qhov chaw ziab khaub ncaws.
- Tus nqi tsim khoom:500-3,000 cycles ib teev (ntau dua li reciprocating).
- Cov khoom:High- ntim khoom txheem - qe thawv, tsim cov tais, lub raj mis nqa, khoom noj khoom haus (phaj, tais).
- Qhov zoo:Tus nqi tsim khoom siab heev (zoo tagnrho rau siab- ntim cov khoom lag luam), zoo ib yam, tus nqi zog qis dua ib chav.
- Kev txwv:Kev nqis peev ntau dua, tsis muaj ntau yam (pwm hloov pauv ntau dua thiab lub sijhawm-siv), txwv rau cov qauv khoom yooj yim, tsis haum rau qis - ntim lossis cov khoom lag luam.
3. Thermoforming (kub-xovxwm) ua tshuab.Siv rau thermoformed (zoo) molded pulp khoom. Cov kauj ruam tsim yog zoo ib yam li reciprocating forming (ib lub mesh pwm dips mus rau hauv lub pulp slurry thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev daim ntawv tais), tab sis tom qab sib sau, lub tais ntub yog xa ncaj qha mus rau ib tug kub - xovxwm chaw nres tsheb - qhov twg nws yog compressed ntawm ob rhuab aluminium pwm (sab sauv thiab qis) ntawm qhov kub siab thiab kub. Qhov kub nias ib txhij dries, compacts, thiab smooths lub tais - tsim cov hwm nto thiab nruj tolerances yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom thermoformed.
- Tus nqi tsim khoom:80-400 cycles ib teev (qis dua hloov-pwm, vim yog cov kauj ruam nias).
- Cov khoom:Cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws - cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, ntim tshuaj pleev ib ce, ntim cawv / khoom plig, cov tais zaub mov zoo, kev cai- cov khoom zoo li.
- Qhov zoo:Produces smooth, dense, precise products with tight tolerances (±0.2-0.5mm), premium surface finish, embossing/debossing capability, custom colors.
- Kev txwv:Tus nqi qis dua, cov cuab yeej siv siab dua (rhuab aluminium pwm yog kim dua li cov pwm mesh), tus nqi zog ntau dua (cua sov cov pwm), txwv rau cov phab ntsa nyias (1-3 hli).
2.3 Pwm Tsim thiab tsim khoom
Cov pwm yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim - nws txiav txim siab lub tais cov duab, qhov ntev, qhov zoo nkauj, thiab zoo. Pwm tsim yog ib qho kev qhuab qhia tshwj xeeb engineering uas yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ntse hauv cov dej dynamics, fiber ntau deposition, ziab shrinkage, thiab cov qauv tsim.
Pwm Cheebtsam:
- Kev tsim pwm (txiv neej lossis poj niam):Cov pwm uas tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub pulp slurry thiab ua rau lub tais zoo li. Nws yog ua los ntawm txhuas (rau lub teeb yuag thiab corrosion kuj) los yog stainless hlau (rau durability), thiab yog them nrog ib tug zoo mesh screen (40-100 mesh) uas tso cai rau dej mus dhau tab sis khaws fibers. Cov pwm muaj lub tshuab nqus tsev sab hauv uas faib lub tshuab nqus tsev sib npaug thoob plaws pwm.
- Qhuav pwm (rau hloov-moulded):Cov pwm uas tau txais lub tais ntub dej los ntawm kev tsim pwm thiab nqa nws los ntawm qhov ziab kom qhuav. Nws tseem yog ua los ntawm txhuas lossis stainless hlau, nrog rau lub mesh nto thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev. Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws yog me ntsis loj dua cov pwm pwm (rau tus account rau shrinkage thaum ziab) thiab muaj cov duab zoo sib xws.
- Kub- nias pwm (rau thermoformed):Ob qhov sib txuam txhuas pwm (sab sauv thiab qis) uas ntim cov tais ntub dej thaum kub nias. Lawv tau ua kom sov (feem ntau nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob) thiab muaj qhov sib luag, polished nto (tsis muaj mesh) uas tsim cov khoom du. Cov pwm tuaj yeem muaj cov qauv kos rau embossing / debossing.
- Trimming tuag:Txoj cai steel tuag los yog rotary txiav tuag uas trims lub tais npoo kom meej qhov ntev tom qab ziab.
Kev xav txog kev tsim pwm:
- Draft angle:Tag nrho cov pwm saum npoo yuav tsum muaj lub kaum sab xis (feem ntau yog 3-7 degrees) kom lub tais tso tawm ntawm cov pwm yam tsis muaj tearing lossis deformation. Cov phab ntsa ntsug (0-degree cua ntsawj ntshab) tsis tuaj yeem ua tau rau hauv cov pwm pwm - lub tais yuav lo rau pwm.
- Phab ntsa thickness:Cov pwm tsim (mesh loj, lub tshuab nqus tsev, lub sij hawm tsim) tswj cov phab ntsa thickness. Cov phab ntsa tuab yuav tsum tau ua kom ntev dua thiab fiber ntau - tab sis muab lub zog ntau dua.
- Ribbing thiab structural nta:Ribs, corrugations, thiab lwm yam qauv nta tau muab tso rau hauv cov pwm tsim los ua kom lub tais lub zog thiab tawv tsis ntxiv cov khoom siv ntau dhau. Rib tsim (qhov siab, dav, qhov sib nrug) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib zog ua kom muaj zog thiab kev ua haujlwm stacking.
- Shrinkage them nyiaj:Moulded pulp shrinks thaum lub sij hawm ziab (feem ntau 2-5% nyob rau hauv txhua qhov ntev, nyob ntawm seb hom fiber ntau, qhov ntom ntom, thiab ziab qhuav). Cov pwm yuav tsum tau tsim loj loj los them rau qhov shrinkage - yog li lub tais qhuav ua tau raws li lub hom phiaj qhov ntev.
- Vacuum Distribution:Cov pwm sab hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev yuav tsum tau tsim los faib cov tshuab nqus tsev sib npaug ntawm cov pwm saum npoo - lub tshuab nqus tsev tsis sib xws ua rau cov khoom tsis sib xws (thicker hauv qee qhov chaw, thinner hauv lwm tus) thiab cov khoom tsis xws luag.
- Dej ntws:Cov pwm yuav tsum tso cai rau cov dej ntws tawm dawb thaum lub sij hawm tsim - cov dej tsis zoo ua rau kev sib sau qeeb, tsis sib xws, thiab qhov tsis xws luag. Cov dej ntws tau cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov mesh loj, lub tshuab nqus tsev tsim, thiab cov khoom sib xws.
Pwm tus nqi thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm:
| Pwm Hom | Tus nqi ntau (USD) | Lub Sijhawm Lead | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hloov- molded forming + ziab pwm | $1,500-$6,000 | 2-4 lub lis piam | Aluminium nrog mesh; suav nrog kev tsim pwm thiab ziab pwm |
| Thermoformed kub- nias pwm teeb (saum + qis) | $3,000-$12,000 | 3-6 lub lis piam | Kub aluminium, polished; suav nrog cov pwm sab saud thiab qis |
| Trimming tuag (steel txoj cai) | $200-$1,000 | 1-2 lub lis piam | Rau ntug trimming; tej zaum yuav xav tau kev hloov tom qab 50,000-200,000 txiav |
| Rotary tshuab pwm teeb | $5,000-$20,000 | 4-8 lub lis piam | Ntau cov pwm rau ib lub tog raj kheej; tus nqi siab dua vim qhov xav tau precision |
Common forming teeb meem:(1) Cov phab ntsa tuab tsis sib xws - tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum, cov kua dej tsis zoo, lossis cov pwm tsim tsis raug; ua rau cov chaw tsis muaj zog thiab tsis sib xws. (2) Pinholes thiab nyias me ntsis - tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob, tsis muaj fiber ntau, los yog lub tshuab nqus tsev ntau dhau; ua rau cov dej xau thiab tsis muaj zog. (3) Tearing thaum lub sij hawm tso tawm - tshwm sim los ntawm lub kaum sab xis tsis txaus, pwm nto, lossis cov txheej txheem tso tawm tsis raug; ua rau cov tais puas. (4) Fiber migration (fiber wash) - tshwm sim los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev ntau dhau los yog turbulent pulp flow; ua rau tsis sib npaug ntawm fiber ntau (thicker hauv qab, thinner nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm pwm). (5) Nto roughness - tshwm sim los ntawm ib yam nkaus thiab - ntxhib mesh, nyob rau hauv - refined pulp, los yog cov pwm tsis zoo; ua rau ntxhib, fibrous khoom nto.
Kauj Ruam 3: Hloov
Tom qab ua tiav, lub tais ntub dej (70-80% noo noo) yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm pwm pwm mus rau pwm kom qhuav (rau kev hloov- cov khoom pwm) lossis rau cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws (rau qee cov txheej txheem thermoformed). Cov kauj ruam hloov pauv yog qhov tseem ceeb - lub tais ntub dej yog qhov tsis yooj yim thiab tuaj yeem tsim kua muag tau yooj yim, deform, lossis lo rau pwm.
Nws ua haujlwm li cas (reciprocating tshuab):Tom qab sib sau, cov pwm pwm nce tawm ntawm cov tawv nqaij slurry nrog cov tais ntub dej tuav ntawm nws qhov chaw los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev. Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws (mounted ntawm ib qho kev sib cais) txav mus rau hauv txoj hauj lwm saum toj los yog ib sab ntawm cov pwm tsim. Ob lub pwm raug coj los ua ke (cov pwm pwm nias lub tais ntub dej tawm tsam pwm kom qhuav), thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev yog hloov - los ntawm pwm pwm mus rau pwm ziab - rub lub tais ntub tawm ntawm pwm pwm thiab mus rau pwm kom qhuav. Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws ces nqa lub tais mus rau qhov ziab kom qhuav.
Cov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb:
- Hloov siab:Lub siab uas lub puab pwm nias lub tais tawm tsam cov pwm kom qhuav - siab me ntsis thiab lub tais tsis hloov tag nrho; siab dhau heev lawm thiab lub tais deforms los yog squeezes tawm dej ntau unevenly.
- Vacuum switching:Lub sijhawm thiab lub zog ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev hloov pauv los ntawm kev tsim pwm mus rau pwm kom qhuav - yuav tsum tau sib koom ua ke kom huv si kom tsis txhob tawg.
- Pwm alignment:Kev tsim pwm thiab ziab pwm yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov tseeb - misalignment ua rau lub tais kom tsis raug ntawm cov pwm kom qhuav, ua rau deformation thaum ziab thiab qhov tsis raug.
- Cov neeg tso tawm:Qee lub tshuab siv cov khoom tso tawm me me (piv txwv li, cov dej tsis zoo los yog khoom noj khoom haus- tus neeg saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb) los pab lub tais tso tawm ntawm cov pwm pwm.
Cov teeb meem kev hloov pauv zoo ib yam:(1) Kev hloov pauv tsis tiav - qhov chaw ntawm lub tais nyob twj ywm ntawm cov pwm tsim; tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis txaus, lub tshuab nqus tsev tsis zoo, lossis cov teeb meem pwm saum npoo. (2) Tearing - lub tais kua muag thaum hloov chaw; tshwm sim los ntawm misalignment, kev hloov siab ntau dhau, lossis lub kaum sab xis tsis txaus. (3) Deformation - lub tais yog ncab los yog compressed thaum hloov chaw; tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov siab ntau dhau los yog misalignment. (4) Kev nplaum - lub tais sticks rau cov pwm pwm thiab tsis hloov; tshwm sim los ntawm cov pwm ntxhib saum npoo, tso tawm tsis txaus, lossis lub sijhawm lub tshuab nqus tsev tsis raug.
Kauj Ruam 4: Qhuav
Kev ziab yog ib qho ntawm lub zog tshaj plaws - siv zog thiab ua tau zoo- theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv molded. Lub tais ntub dej (70-80% noo noo) yuav tsum tau qhuav kom tiav cov dej noo ntawm 6-10% - tshem tawm 60-70% ntawm lub tais qhov hnyav li dej. Cov txheej txheem ziab yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj kom ua kom tiav ziab kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis xws luag (warping, cracking, discoloration, uneven shrinkage).
4.1 Txoj kev kom qhuav
1. Qhov cub (conveyor dryer).Txoj kev ziab qhuav tshaj plaws rau kev hloov pauv - cov khoom pwm. Cov tais (ntawm lawv cov pwm kom qhuav) yog nqa los ntawm qhov ntev, rhuab qhov rau ntawm lub conveyor. Lub qhov taub tau muab faib ua ntau qhov chaw kub, nrog cua kub (rhuab los ntawm cov pa roj, chav, lossis hluav taws xob) tau tshuab los ntawm cov tais. Cov tais txav mus los ntawm qhov av ntawm qhov kev tswj ceev, thiab qhov ntsuas kub thiab cua ntws hauv txhua cheeb tsam tau ua tib zoo tswj.
- Qhov ntev:10-50 meters (nyob ntawm tus nqi ntau lawm thiab lub sijhawm ziab).
- Lub sijhawm ziab:5-30 feeb (nyob ntawm phab ntsa thickness, ceev, thiab kub).
- Kub:120-200 ° C (hauv thaj chaw qhuav); maj mam txo mus rau qhov tawm kom tiv thaiv thermal shock.
- Airflow:1-5 m / s (convective tshav kub hloov); huab cua yog recirculated nrog cua tshiab pleev kom tshem tawm noo noo.
- Lub zog qhov chaw:Natural gas (feem ntau, tus nqi qis tshaj), chav, lossis hluav taws xob (nqus tab sis kim dua).
2. Kub-nias kom qhuav (rau cov khoom siv thermoformed).Rau cov khoom siv thermoformed, ziab yog ua ke nrog kub - nias kauj ruam. Lub tais ntub dej yog muab tso rau ntawm ob lub pwm kub (150-220 ° C) thiab compressed ntawm siab (0.5-5 MPa). Cov cua sov los ntawm cov pwm vaporizes dej hauv lub tais, thiab lub siab nyem tawm cov dej vapor (thiab qee cov dej ua kua) los ntawm cov vents hauv pwm. Cov txheej txheem kub xovxwm ziab ib txhij dries, compacts, thiab smooths lub tais - nyob rau hauv ib kauj ruam uas yuav siv sij hawm 10-60 vib nas this (ntau npaum li cas sai dua qhov ziab).
- Pwm kub:150-220 ° C (hluav taws xob lossis chav rhuab).
- Pressing siab:0.5-5 MPa (nyob ntawm cov khoom thickness thiab ceev).
- Nias lub sij hawm:10-60 vib nas this (nyob ntawm phab ntsa thickness thiab noo noo cov ntsiab lus).
- Residual noo noo tom qab nias:8-15% (tej zaum yuav xav tau cov kauj ruam thib ob kom qhuav hauv qhov cub kom ncav cuag 6-10%).
3. Microwave ziab (tshwj xeeb).Qee qhov kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb siv microwave ziab - qhov twg lub zog microwave heats cov dej molecules ncaj qha (tsis yog cua sov cua thiab hloov cov khoom cua sov). Microwave ziab sai dua thiab muaj zog ntau dua -ntau dua li kev ziab kom qhuav, tab sis nws kim dua rau nruab thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cua sov tsis sib xws (kub kub) yog tias tsis ua tib zoo tswj. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom tuab- cov khoom siv phab ntsa lossis cov khoom lag luam nrog cov geometry nyuaj uas nyuaj kom qhuav tsis sib xws nrog cov cua sov.
4.2 Qhuav Parameters thiab Zoo
Qhov tseem ceeb drying parameter:
| Parameter | Hom kab mob | Qhov cuam tshuam rau cov khoom |
|---|---|---|
| Qhuav kub | 120-200 ° C (tunnel); 150-220 ° C (kub xovxwm) | Kub siab dua=kom qhuav sai, tab sis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm warping, cracking, thiab discoloration (daj / daj) |
| Qhuav lub sij hawm | 5-30 min (tunnels); 10-60 sec (kub xovxwm) | Kev ziab tsis txaus=noo noo siab (pwm pheej hmoo, tsis muaj zog); dhau - ziab=brittleness thiab lub zog pov tseg |
| Airflow ceev | 1-5 m / s (qhov) | Siab dua airflow=kom qhuav sai (ntau dua convective heat transfer), tab sis yuav ua rau lub tais txav / deformation |
| Kub profile | Kawm tiav (siab hauv nruab nrab, qis ntawm nkag / tawm) | Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov (tam sim no kub kub ua rau saum npoo kom qhuav ua ntej sab hauv tuaj yeem khiav tawm - ua rau hlwv thiab tawg) |
| Cov ntsiab lus noo noo kawg | 6-10% | Lub hom phiaj ntau - qhov zoo tshaj qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog thiab hloov tau yooj yim |
| Kev poob qis | 2-5% (txhua qhov loj me) | Yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau hauv pwm tsim; uneven shrinkage ua rau warping |
Cov teeb meem kev ziab kom zoo:(1) Warping - tshwm sim los ntawm kev ziab tsis sib xws (ib sab dries sai dua lwm qhov, ua rau sib txawv shrinkage); tiv thaiv los ntawm cov huab cua tsis sib xws thiab qhov kub thiab txias, thiab los ntawm kev siv cov pwm kom qhuav uas tuav lub tais zoo li. (2) Cracking - tshwm sim los ntawm ib yam nkaus thiab - ziab sai (dries dries thiab hardens ua ntej sab hauv dej tuaj yeem khiav, ua rau sab hauv siab thiab tawg); tiv thaiv los ntawm kev kawm tiav kub profile thiab tswj kom qhuav tus nqi. (3) Discoloration (daj / xim av) - tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los yog lub sij hawm ntev qhuav (thermal degradation ntawm cellulose); tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias lub sij hawm. (4) Kev ziab tsis tiav (siab noo noo) - tshwm sim los ntawm lub sij hawm ziab tsis txaus lossis qhov kub thiab txias; ua rau tsis muaj zog, pwm loj hlob thaum lub sij hawm cia, thiab qhov seem tsis ruaj khov. (5) Tshaj- ziab (tsawg noo noo) - tshwm sim los ntawm lub sij hawm ziab ntau dhau lossis kub kub; ua rau brittleness, tawg, thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam tsis kam. (6) Blistering - tshwm sim los ntawm ib yam nkaus thiab- kom qhuav sai (cov dej sab hauv vaporizes thiab tsim npuas hauv qab); tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tswj kom qhuav tus nqi.
Theem 5: Kub nias / Thermoforming (Rau cov khoom siv thermoformed nkaus xwb)
Rau cov khoom siv thermoformed (zoo) molded pulp, kub- nias kauj ruam yog qhov txawv ntawm cov qauv hloov pauv- cov khoom pwm. Tom qab tsim thiab ziab ib nrab (los yog ncaj qha tom qab tsim, nyob ntawm tus txheej txheem), lub tais yog compressed ntawm ob rhuab aluminium pwm - ib txhij ziab, compacting, thiab smoothing cov khoom.
Nws ua haujlwm li cas:Lub tais ntub lossis ib nrab qhuav yog muab tso rau ntawm cov pwm uas muaj cua sov qis (uas muaj cov txiv neej lossis poj niam zoo li lub tais). Sab saum toj rhuab pwm (muab zoo sib xws) nqis los thiab compresses lub tais ntawm kev kub siab. Cov cua sov los ntawm cov pwm (150-}}220 ° C) vaporizes cov dej hauv lub tais, thiab lub siab (0.5-5 MPa) ua rau cov fibers thiab nyem tawm cov dej vapor los ntawm cov vents hauv pwm. Tom qab lub sijhawm nias (10-60 vib nas this), cov pwm sab saud nce, thiab lub tais tiav lawm raug tshem tawm. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib tug du, ntom, meej cov khoom nrog velvet-zoo li nto ntawm ob sab.
Ntsiab kub -nias tsis:
| Parameter | Hom kab mob | Qhov cuam tshuam rau cov khoom |
|---|---|---|
| Pwm kub | 150-220 ° C | Kev kub siab dua=kom qhuav sai dua thiab du dua, tab sis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev hloov xim thiab pwm hnav |
| Nias siab | 0.5-5 MPa | Siab siab=denser, muaj zog dua, smoother khoom, tab sis siab zog thiab pwm coj; txwv los ntawm phaj thickness thiab fiber ntau hom |
| Nias lub sij hawm | 10-60 vib nas this | Lub sij hawm ntev dua=ua kom tiav kom qhuav thiab zoo dua, tab sis qis dua tus nqi |
| Thawj cov dej noo | 50-75% (ntub) lossis 15-25% (ua ntej ziab) | Kev ntub dej ntau dua=kom tshem tawm (ntev ntev dua, lub zog ntau dua), tab sis zoo dua fiber ntau compaction; ua ntej- ziab=nrawm nrawm, tab sis yuav xav tau cov kauj ruam kom qhuav |
| Cov ntsiab lus noo noo kawg | 6-12% | May require secondary drying if >10% |
| Qhov ntom ntom tom qab nias | 300-650 kg / m³ | Ntau tshaj qhov hloov pauv- molded (150-300 kg/m³) - lub luag hauj lwm rau siab zog thiab smoother nto |
Embossing thiab debossing:Cov kub- xovxwm pwm tuaj yeem kos nrog cov qauv, logos, lossis textures - tsim tsa (embossed) lossis indented (debossed) nta ntawm lub tais. Lub embossing / debossing yog ua tiav thaum lub sij hawm kub - xovxwm kauj ruam, raws li cov compressed fiber yuav siv sij hawm qhov zoo ntawm cov pwm engraved. Qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas ntxiv cov khoom lag luam thiab tactile zoo rau lub ntim.
Common kub-xovxwm zoo:(1) Kev ziab tsis tiav - tshwm sim los ntawm lub sij hawm nias tsis txaus lossis qhov kub thiab txias; ua rau muaj dej noo siab thiab qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. (2) Qhov chaw tsis xws luag (scratches, dents) - tshwm sim los ntawm pwm nto puas los yog khib nyiab ntawm pwm; ua rau lub ntsej muag tsis zoo. (3) Qhov ntom ntom tsis sib xws - tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis sib xws los yog qhov kub thiab txias; ua rau muaj zog sib txawv thiab zoo li. (4) Tearing - tshwm sim los ntawm lub kaum sab xis tsis txaus, cov pwm ntxhib nto, lossis tsis raug tso tawm; ua rau cov tais puas. (5) Discoloration - tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los yog nias lub sij hawm; ua rau yellowing los yog browning. (6) Tsis tiav embossing - tshwm sim los ntawm tsis txaus siab los yog nias lub sij hawm; ua rau faint lossis tsis tiav embossed nta.
Theem 6: Trimming thiab Finishing
Tom qab ziab (thiab kub nias, rau cov khoom siv thermoformed), cov tais feem ntau muaj cov khoom siv ntau dhau ntawm cov npoo (ib "flash" lossis "burr") uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm kom ua tiav qhov ntev thiab huv si. Trimming kuj yog siv los tsim lub qhov, qhov, lossis lwm yam hauv lub tais.
Txoj kev trimming:
1. Steel txoj cai tuag txiav.Txoj kev trimming feem ntau. Ib txoj cai hlau tuag (ib lub ntsej muag hlau ntse khoov rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub tais ntug, mounted rau ntawm lub rooj ntoo los yog yas) yog nias tawm tsam lub tais - txiav los ntawm molded pulp los tsim ib tug huv si, meej ntug. Cov tuag yog mounted rau ntawm ib tug tuag- txiav xovxwm (txawm yog ib tug flatbed xovxwm los yog ib tug teb xovxwm), thiab cov tais yog pub los ntawm manually los yog txiav.
- Qhov zoo:Tus nqi qis, ntau yam (tuaj yeem txiav cov duab thiab qhov), yooj yim hloov tuag, haum rau cov ntim qis rau nruab nrab.
- Kev txwv:Tuag hnav (steel txoj cai hniav yuav tsum sharpening los yog hloov tom qab 50,000-200,000 txiav), me ntsis tsis meej tshaj lwm txoj kev, tej zaum yuav tsim plua plav (zoo fiber ntau) thaum txiav.
- Hom kam rau ua:± 0.3-0.5 hli
2. Rotary tuag txiav.Rau siab- ntim ntau lawm, siv lub tshuab txiav tuag (lub tog raj kheej tuag nrog cov hniav txiav) yog siv. Cov tais yog pub ntawm lub tog raj kheej tig thiab lub siab rau cov menyuam - cov tuag txiav cov npoo thaum lub tais hla dhau. Rotary tuag txiav yog sai dua flatbed tuag txiav thiab yog haum rau siab - ntim khoom txheem.
- Qhov zoo:Kev kub ceev (tsim rau lub ntim siab), zoo ib yam, tus nqi zog qis.
- Kev txwv:Tus nqi pib siab dua (rotary tuag yog kim dua li txoj cai steel tuag), tsis tshua muaj ntau yam (tuag hloov pauv ntau dua), haum rau cov duab yooj yim.
3. CNC routing / laser txiav.Rau qhov tsawg- cov qauv qauv los yog cov duab nyuaj heev, CNC routing (lub khoos phis tawj- tswj cov cuab yeej txiav) lossis laser txiav (lub teeb tsom laser) tuaj yeem siv. Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tseeb heev thiab tuaj yeem txiav cov duab nyuaj, tab sis lawv qeeb dua thiab kim tshaj qhov txiav tuag - haum rau kev tsim qauv lossis tsawg heev - ntim ntau lawm.
- Qhov zoo:Heev meej, tuaj yeem txiav cov duab 3D nyuaj, tsis muaj nqi cuab yeej (rau laser txiav).
- Kev txwv:qeeb (tsis haum rau lub ntim siab), kim ib chav tsev, laser txiav tej zaum yuav ua rau discoloration (hlawv) ntawm txiav ntug.
4. Hauv -pwm trimming.Rau qee cov khoom siv thermoformed, trimming tuaj yeem ua tiav thaum kub- nias kauj ruam - kub- xovxwm pwm suav nrog cov txiav ntug uas txiav lub tais raws li nws tau nias. Qhov no tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov kauj ruam trimming cais, txhim kho efficiency thiab precision. Hauv -pwm trimming yuav tsum muaj ntau dua (thiab kim) pwm tab sis yog tus nqi-zoo rau siab- cov khoom ntim.
Common trimming quality teeb meem:(1) Cov npoo ntxhib los yog ragged - tshwm sim los ntawm dull tuag hniav, tsis raug tuag siab, los yog cov khoom nkig dhau lawm; ua rau cov tsos mob tsis zoo thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj fiber ntau. (2) txiav tsis tiav - tshwm sim los ntawm dull tuag hniav, tsis txaus siab, los yog misaligned tuag; ua rau cov tais txuas nrog cov fibers uas tsis tau txiav. (3) Dimensional inaccuracy - tshwm sim los ntawm misaligned tuag, khoom positioning yuam kev, los yog tuag hnav; ua rau cov tais uas tsis ua raws li qhov tshwj xeeb. (4) Cracking lossis tearing - tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom nkig dhau lawm (dhau- qhuav), siab tuag ntau dhau, lossis tsim tsis raug tuag; ua rau cov tais puas. (5) Plua plav tiam - tshwm sim los ntawm kev txiav qhuav, nkig khoom; ua rau cov plua plav fiber ntau uas tuaj yeem paug cov khoom (tshwj xeeb yog teeb meem rau cov zaub mov lossis kev siv chav huv); tswj los ntawm plua plav sau tshuab thiab los ntawm me ntsis moistening cov khoom ua ntej txiav.
Theem 7: Txheej thiab luam ntawv (yeem)
Rau cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau muaj cov khoom thaiv (dej, roj, oxygen), cov khoom lag luam, lossis cov tsos zoo, txheej thiab luam ntawv yog siv tom qab txiav. Cov no yog cov kauj ruam xaiv tau - ntau yam khoom siv pwm pwm (qe cartons, tsim cov tais, ntim khoom lag luam) yog siv yam tsis muaj txheej lossis luam ntawv.
7.1 Txheej
Txheej txheej yuav siv cov txheej nyias nyias (polymer, wax, lossis lwm yam khoom) rau hauv lub tais kom hloov nws cov khoom - dej tsis kam, roj tsis kam, oxygen barrier, smoothness, los yog tsos.
Txheej txheej:
- Txau txheej:Cov txheej yog txau rau ntawm lub tais uas siv rab phom los yog cov tshuaj txau tshuab. Haum rau cov duab 3D nyuaj (tuaj yeem tsho sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm kab noj hniav). Kev hloov pauv tau qis dua (qee lub txheej yog nkim li overspray).
- Dip txheej:Lub tais yog dipped rau hauv ib da dej ntawm txheej thiab ces drained. Muab kev pabcuam tiav (txhua qhov chaw, suav nrog cov npoo thiab tawv- mus rau - mus txog thaj chaw). Tej zaum yuav ua rau cov txheej tuab dua thiab lub sijhawm ziab ntev dua.
- Roller txheej:Cov txheej txheem yog siv nrog rollers. Kev hloov pauv tau zoo thiab cov tuab zoo ib yam, tab sis txwv rau qhov chaw tiaj tus lossis maj mam nkhaus (tsis yog cov duab 3D nyuaj).
- Extrusion txheej / lamination:Ib zaj duab xis nyias ntawm polymer (xws li, PLA, PET) yog extruded rau ntawm lub tais los yog laminated rau nws. Muab cov khoom thaiv zoo heev, tab sis kim dua thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog kev rov ua dua tshiab / compostability. Feem ntau yog siv rau siab - cov ntawv thov zaub mov barrier.
- Curtain txheej:Cov txheej yog siv raws li ib tug tas mus li "daim ntaub" ntawm cov kua uas ntws hla lub tais. Kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev hloov pauv siab, tab sis txwv rau cov khoom lag luam sib xws.
Txheej hom:Dej-raws li acrylic (feem ntau, zaub mov- nyab xeeb, recyclable / compostable), styrene-acrylic (zoo roj kuj), polyurethane (mos-kov / velvet tiav), PLA (zoo heev dej / roj kuj, industrially compostable), wax barrier emulsions (dej generator) . (Saib daim ntawv qhia txog kev ya raws- pov thawj rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txheej txheej.)
Coating drying / curing:Tom qab txheej txheej, cov tais yuav tsum tau qhuav (rau dej- txheej txheej) lossis kho (rau UV- cov txheej txheem kho tau) kom tshem tawm cov cab cab (dej lossis hnyav) thiab tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab txuas ntxiv. Kev ziab yog feem ntau ua tiav hauv qhov cub qhov cub (80-120 ° C, 1-5 feeb) lossis nrog cov cua sov infrared. UV-curable coatings yog kho nrog UV lub teeb (kev kho tam sim, tsis xav tau cua sov).
7.2 Kev luam ntawv
Kev luam ntawv siv cov duab, ntawv nyeem, lub logo, lossis cov qauv rau lub tais nto - rau kev tsim khoom lag luam, cov ntaub ntawv khoom, lub hom phiaj zoo nkauj, lossis kev cai sau npe.
Txoj kev luam ntawv:
- Flexographic luam ntawv:Txoj kev luam ntawv tshaj plaws rau molded pulp. Siv cov roj hmab hloov tau yooj yim lossis photopolymer daim hlau thiab ceev- dej kom qhuav- raws li inks. Haum rau qhov yooj yim mus rau nruab nrab- cov duab tsis yooj yim ntawm ob qho tib si hloov pauv- cov khoom pwm thiab cov khoom siv thermoformed. Muaj peev xwm luam tawm ntawm qhov chaw nkhaus (nrog cov cuab yeej tsim nyog).
- Offset lithography:Siv cov phaj hlau thiab cov pam roj hmab los hloov cov number case. High - cov duab zoo nrog cov ntsiab lus zoo, tab sis feem ntau haum rau cov chaw tiaj tus (tsis yog cov duab 3D nyuaj). Siv rau siab - cov duab zoo ntawm cov khoom siv thermoformed nrog thaj chaw tiaj tus.
- Digital (inkjet) luam ntawv:Siv tshuab inkjet luam tawm ncaj qha los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv digital. Tsis xav tau daim phiaj (ceev teeb, haum rau kev khiav luv luv thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv). Zoo rau luv luv khiav, prototypes, thiab kev cai / hloov pauv luam ntawv. Kev luam ntawv zoo ntawm molded pulp nyob ntawm qhov chaw (coated=zoo dua, uncoated=ntau feathering).
- Screen printing:Siv lub vijtsam mesh los hloov tus cwj mem los ntawm stencil. Cov ntawv tuab tuab, haum rau cov duab loj thiab cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb (hlau, ci ntsa iab-hauv-- tsaus nti). Muaj peev xwm luam tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntxhib (hloov-moulded) thiab qhov chaw nkhaus. qeeb dua flexo rau siab ntim.
- Pad printing:Siv lub ncoo silicone kom hloov tus number case los ntawm lub phaj etched rau cov khoom. Muaj peev xwm luam tawm ntawm qhov nyuaj 3D, thaj chaw nkhaus, thiab me me, nyuaj - mus rau - thaj chaw. Haum rau cov logos, cov ntawv me me, thiab cov khoom lag luam cim rau ntawm cov ntawv tais diav.
- Kub stamping (cov ntawv nyiaj stamping):Siv cov cua sov thiab lub siab los hloov cov ntawv hlau los yog xim xim rau saum npoo. Premium metallic los yog holographic teebmeem. Feem ntau tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv thermoformed (nqus nto tso cai rau cov ntawv ci hloov pauv). Siv rau logos, accents, thiab premium branding.
Ink hom:Dej-raws li inks (feem ntau, zaub mov- nyab xeeb, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg), UV- inks curable inks (instant curing, high durability, vibrant xim), soy-raws li inks (renewable, environmentally friendly), zaub mov-hu rau-inks nyab xeeb {{6} zaub mov, yuav tsum tau ntim cov khoom noj khoom haus GB, EF, los yog FDA.
Theem 8: Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo thiab Ntim
Cov theem kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog kev tswj xyuas kev ua tau zoo (QC) thiab ntim khoom - kom ntseeg tau tias cov tais tiav ua tau raws li cov qauv kev cai thiab raug ntim rau cov khoom xa tuaj.
8.1 Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo
Hauv - txheej txheem QC (thaum tsim khoom):
- Pulp sib xws thiab kub:Saib xyuas tsis tu ncua (txhua 15-30 feeb) kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib koom ua ke.
- Refining℃(℃SR / CSF):Kuaj txhua 2-4 teev kom ntseeg tau tias kev kho fiber ntau zoo ib yam.
- Wet tray nyhav thiab noo noo:Sampled txhua 1-2 teev los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo sib xws (phab ntsa thickness) thiab ziab.
- Qhuav kub thiab ceev:Saib xyuas tsis tu ncua (automated sensors) kom paub meej kom qhuav zoo ib yam.
- Kev kuaj pom pom:Cov neeg ua haujlwm tshuaj xyuas cov tais ntawm txhua theem kom pom qhov tsis xws luag (tej kua muag, qhov, warping, discoloration, defects).
Cov khoom tiav QC:
- Kev kuaj pom pom:100% kev soj ntsuam (los yog AQL sampling, raws li ISO 2859) rau pom qhov tsis xws luag - kua muag, qhov, warping, discoloration, nto defects, tsis tiav trimming, luam ntawv tsis xws luag. Cov tais uas muaj qhov tsis xws luag raug tso tseg thiab rov ua dua tshiab (pulped rov qab rau hauv cov txheej txheem).
- Dimensional soj ntsuam:Sampled txhua 1-2 teev (los yog ib pawg) - lub tais qhov ntev (ntev, dav, qhov siab, kab noj hniav loj) yog ntsuas nrog calipers lossis CMM thiab piv rau cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb (feem ntau ± 0.5mm rau kev hloov-pwm, ± 0.3mm rau thermoformed).
- Cov dej noo: Sampled every 2-4 hours - measured with a moisture meter or oven-dry method. Target: 6-10%. Trays with moisture >12% yog re-qhuav; cov tais nrog noo noo<5% may be conditioned (humidified) to reduce brittleness.
- Qhov hnyav:Ua piv txwv txhua 1-2 teev - qhov hnyav ntawm lub tais yog ntsuas kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv zoo ib yam thiab cov phab ntsa tuab. Qhov hnyav yog qhov qhia tau zoo ntawm kev sib sau ua ke.
- Kev kuaj lub zog:Ua ib pawg lossis ib qho ua haujlwm - compression lub zog, tawg lub zog, lossis lub zog tensile (nyob ntawm cov khoom thiab daim ntawv thov). Kuaj ib txoj kev txheem (ASTM, TAPPI, ISO) thiab muab piv rau cov specifications.
- Kev kuaj ua haujlwm:Rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb - kev xeem poob, kev ntsuas kev vibration, pawg xeem (ib ISTA lossis ASTM D4169), kev kuaj kev sib cuag zaub mov (ib FDA, EFSA, lossis GB), ESD kuaj (rau ESD- cov khoom nyab xeeb).
- Txheej / luam ntawv zoo:Rau cov khoom siv coated / luam tawm - txheej thickness, adhesion (kab xev kuaj), dej / roj tsis kam (Cobb test, kit test), print quality (visual inspection, colour measurement with spectrophotometer), ink adhesion (rub test).
AQL (Acceptable Quality Limit):Feem ntau molded pulp manufacturers siv AQL sampling (ib ISO 2859-1 / ANSI / ASQ Z1.4) rau kev soj ntsuam cov khoom tiav. Qib AQL Hom: 2.5 rau qhov tsis xws luag (lub kua muag, qhov, qhov tsis ua haujlwm), 4.0 rau qhov tsis xws luag me me (qhov chaw blemishes, me ntsis discoloration). Qhov tshwj xeeb AQL tau pom zoo los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom raws li cov khoom siv thiab cov kev xav tau zoo.
8.2 Ntim thiab xa khoom
Tom qab dhau QC, cov tais tiav tau ntim rau cov khoom xa tuaj. Txoj kev ntim khoom yog nyob ntawm hom khoom, ntim, thiab qhov chaw.
Cov txheej txheem ntim khoom:
- Stacking nyob rau hauv corrugated thawv:Txoj kev tshaj plaws. Cov tais tau muab tso ua ke (zes lossis cuam tshuam) hauv corrugated cardboard thawv (feem ntau 50-200 tais rau ib lub thawv, nyob ntawm lub tais loj). Cov thawv ntim tau kaw nrog daim kab xev thiab sau nrog cov ntaub ntawv khoom, kom muaj nuj nqis, batch naj npawb, thiab lo lus uas peb.
- Shrink wrapping:Rau siab - ntim lossis noo noo- cov khoom rhiab heev, cov tais ntim rau ntawm pallets thiab ntsws- qhwv (nrog cov yas zaj duab xis) los tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm ya raws thiab kev puas tsuaj thaum thauj. Shrink wrapping kuj stabilizes lub pallet load.
- Cov dej noo-barrier ntim:Rau cov khoom xa mus rau siab -cov av noo qhov chaw los yog khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev, noo noo- cov khoom ntim khoom ntim (cov hnab yas, cov khoom desiccants, noo noo-barrier zaj duab xis) yog siv los tiv thaiv kev nqus noo noo thaum khaws cia thiab xa khoom.
- Palletization:Cov thawv ntim rau ntawm pallets (feem ntau 40-60 lub thawv rau ib lub pallet, nyob ntawm lub thawv loj) thiab ruaj nrog stretch qhwv lossis strapping. Pallet qhov ntev yog feem ntau tus qauv (xws li, 1200x1000mm Euro pallet, 1219x1016mm US pallet) kom haum cov thawv ntim khoom thiab cov tsheb thauj khoom.
Kev txiav txim siab shipping:
- Kev tswj dej noo:Moulded pulp yog hygroscopic - nws absorbs noo noo los ntawm huab cua. Thaum lub sij hawm thauj dej hiav txwv (high humidity, kub hloov pauv), cov tais tuaj yeem nqus dej noo, poob lub zog thiab muaj peev xwm loj hlob tuaj. Cov dej noo- thaiv kev ntim thiab desiccants raug pom zoo rau kev xa khoom hauv hiav txwv. Lub hom phiaj noo noo ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj yog 6-8% (me ntsis ziab dua li 6-10% lub hom phiaj, kom tso cai rau qee qhov nqus noo noo thaum thauj khoom).
- Stacking zog:Pallets ntawm molded pulp tais yuav stacked 2-4 siab (nyob ntawm lub tais lub zog thiab lub thawv tsim). Cov thawv hauv qab yuav tsum txhawb nqa qhov hnyav ntawm cov thawv saum toj no - xyuas kom cov thawv corrugated thiab cov tais ntim khoom yog tsim los rau qhov siab ntawm pawg.
- Thawv loading:Rau kev xa khoom xa tuaj, cov tais ntim rau hauv cov thawv xa khoom (20ft lossis 40ft). Lub thawv yuav tsum qhuav thiab zoo -ventilated, thiab desiccants yuav tsum tau siv los tswj cov dej noo. Tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj lub thawv qhov hnyav (feem ntau 28 tonnes rau 40ft thawv).
Cov nqi tsim khoom thiab cov nqi txiav txim siab
Tus nqi ntau lawm
| Yam khoom | Tshuab Hom | Lub voj voog / teev | Cavities/Cycle | Cov tais / teev (kwv yees) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qe cartons (standard) | Rotary | 1,000-3,000 | 1-2 (30-qe thawv) | 1,000-6,000 |
| Tsim cov tais (standard) | Rotary los yog reciprocating | 500-2,000 | 1-4 | 500-8,000 |
| Industrial tais (kev cai) | Reciprocating | 100-600 | 1-2 | 100-1,200 |
| Khoom noj khoom haus (phaj / tais) | Rotary | 1,000-3,000 | 2-6 | 2,000-18,000 |
| Thermoformed (electronics / tshuaj pleev ib ce) | Thermoforming xovxwm | 80-400 | 1-4 | 80-1,600 |
| Thick -phab ntsa (heavy industrial) | Reciprocating (tshwj xeeb) | 50-200 | 1 | 50-200 |
Tus nqi qauv
Tus nqi ntawm molded pulp tais yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam:
- Raw khoom (fiber):30-50% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi. Cov ntawv rov siv dua yog qhov pheej yig tshaj; bagasse thiab bleached yog kim dua; nkauj xwb kraft yog kim tshaj plaws.
- Zog (kom qhuav thiab nias):15-25% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi. Kev ziab yog cov kauj ruam uas siv zog tshaj plaws. Natural gas yog pheej yig dua li hluav taws xob.
- Labor:10-20% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi. Cov kab tsis siv neeg (rotary, thermoforming) muaj cov nqi ua haujlwm qis dua ib chav tsev dua li phau ntawv kab.
- Tooling (pwm, tuag):Amortized tshaj qhov ntim ntau lawm. Rau siab - cov khoom ntim, cov nqi siv rau ib chav tsev tsis tsim nyog; rau cov khoom qis- ntim khoom, cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tus nqi.
- Coatings thiab printing:Ntxiv 10-50% rau cov nqi khoom lag luam, nyob ntawm seb hom txheej / luam ntawv thiab qhov nyuaj.
- QC thiab ntim:5-10% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi.
- Nyiaj siv ua haujlwm thiab nyiaj tau los:10-20% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi.
Tus nqi sib txawv (FOB Hoobkas, rau kev siv nkaus xwb):
| Yam khoom | Tus nqi ntau (USD ib chav tsev) | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|
| Qe thawv (30-qe, txheem) | $0.05-$0.15 | Cov ntim siab, cov ntawv siv dua tshiab, tsis muaj txheej txheej |
| Tsim cov tais (standard) | $0.08-$0.25 | Cov ntim siab, cov ntawv siv dua |
| Khoom noj khoom haus (phaj / tais, bagasse) | $0.03-$0.10 | Heev ntim, bagasse |
| Industrial tais (kev cai, nruab nrab loj) | $0.30-$1.50 | Nruab nrab ntim, kev cai pwm, cov ntawv siv dua |
| Thermoformed (electronics ntxig, me me) | $0.50-$2.00 | Nruab nrab ntim, bleached / bagasse, du nto |
| Thermoformed (cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, hwm, coated) | $1.00-$5.00 | Tsawg- ntim nruab nrab, txheej, luam ntawv, embossing |
| Thick{0}}phab ntsa (heavy industrial, loj) | $1.00-$5.00 | Tsawg ntim, tuab phab ntsa, kev cai pwm |
Nco tseg: Cov no yog kwv yees FOB Hoobkas nqi ntau rau kev siv tsuas yog - cov nqi tiag tiag nyob ntawm cov khoom loj, qhov nyuaj, ntim, cov khoom siv, txheej, luam ntawv, thiab lwm yam. Ib txwm tau txais quotes los ntawm manufacturers rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb.
Kab hauv qab
Moulded pulp tray manufacturing yog ntau -theem txheej txheem uas hloov cov fiber ntau (cov ntawv siv dua, bagasse, thiab lwm yam) ua tiav, 3D ntim khoom los ntawm pulping, sib sau, hloov, ziab, kub nias (rau thermoformed), trimming, txheej / luam ntawv, thiab QC / ntim. Txhua theem suav nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, ua tib zoo tswj tsis tau, thiab cov teeb meem muaj peev xwm zoo - thiab qhov zoo thiab sib xws ntawm cov khoom kawg yog nyob ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm txhua theem.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog:
1. Kev npaj pulpyog lub hauv paus - raw fiber ntau xaiv, pulping, tshuaj ntsuam / ntxuav, refining, thiab tshuaj additives tag nrho cov muaj feem xyuam rau cov khoom kawg lub zog, nto, thiab kev ua tau zoo. Refining℃(20-45℃SR) yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog, smoothness, thiab kua dej.
2. tsimyog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb - mesh pwm thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev deposit fibers rau hauv lub tais zoo li. Peb hom tshuab tseem ceeb: reciprocating (ntau yam, nruab nrab ceev), teb (siab ceev, cov khoom txheem), thiab thermoforming (hwm, du nto). Kev sib sau ua ke (qhov sib xws, lub tshuab nqus tsev, lub sijhawm, mesh loj) tswj cov phab ntsa thickness thiab uniformity.
3. Qhuavyog lub zog tshaj - siv zog thiab ua tau zoo- theem tseem ceeb - cov tais ntub dej (70-80% noo noo) yog qhuav rau 6-10% hauv qhov cub (120-200 ° C, 5-30 feeb) los yog kub nias (150-220 ° C, 10-60 vib nas this). Ua tib zoo tswj qhov kub thiab txias tiv thaiv warping, cracking, thiab discoloration.
4. Kub nias / thermoformingyog dab tsi txawv cov khoom siv thermoformed los ntawm kev hloov pauv tus qauv- molded - rhuab pwm (150-220 ° C) thiab siab siab (0.5-5 MPa) ib txhij qhuav, compact, thiab du lub tais, tsim kom muaj ntom (300-650 kg / m³), du, meej cov khoom muaj peev xwm.
5. Trimming, txheej, thiab luam ntawvyog ua tiav cov kauj ruam - trimming (steel txoj cai tuag, rotary tuag, CNC) tsim cov npoo; coatings (acrylic, PLA, PU) muab cov khoom thaiv thiab hwm zoo; luam ntawv (flexo, offset, digital, screen, ncoo, kub stamping) muab cov khoom lag luam thiab cov duab kos.
6. Kev tswj kom zooua kom zoo ib yam - hauv- kev soj ntsuam cov txheej txheem (pulp sib xws, refining degree, ziab kom qhuav) thiab cov khoom tiav kuaj (pom, qhov ntev, noo noo, hnyav, zog, haumxeeb) yog qhov tseem ceeb. AQL sampling (feem ntau yog 2.5 rau qhov tsis xws luag) yog tus qauv.
7. Tus nqi ntau lawm thiab cov nqisib txawv heev los ntawm cov khoom hom - rotary machines tsim 1,000-18,000 txheem tais/teev, thaum thermoforming presses tsim 80-1,600 hwm tais/teev. Cov nqi sib txawv ntawm $ 0.03 / unit (cov khoom noj khoom haus siab heev) txog $ 5.00 / unit (khoom zoo thermoformed lossis tuab-wall industrial), nyob ntawm cov khoom siv, qhov loj, qhov nyuaj, ntim, thiab ua tiav.
Ntawm Hesheng, peb ua haujlwm hauv xeev - ntawm-- kos duab molded pulp manufacturing chaw nrog ob qho tib si hloov- molded thiab thermoformed ntau lawm muaj peev xwm - nrog rau cov tshuab reciprocating thiab teb, tunnel drying qhov cub, kub - xovxwm thermoforming tshuab } thiab cov tshuab luam ntawv, thiab cov khoom sib dhos, {6 QC kuaj. Peb muaj cov kws tshaj lij thiab muaj peev xwm los tsim pwm pwm cov tais los ntawm cov qauv mus rau siab - ntim ntau lawm - nrog cov khoom zoo sib xws, cov nqi sib tw, thiab kev txhawb nqa tag nrho. Peb pab neeg tuaj yeem coj koj mus rau txhua theem ntawm cov txheej txheem - los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom siv thiab pwm tsim rau prototyping, kuaj, ntau lawm, thiab xa khoom xa tuaj - kom ntseeg tau tias koj cov molded pulp tais ua tau raws li koj qhov kev ua tau zoo, zoo, thiab cov nqi yuav tsum tau ua.
Yog tias koj tab tom txiav txim siab molded pulp rau koj cov kev xav tau ntim thiab xav nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, peev txheej, thiab cov nqi kom ntxaws,hu rau Hesheng pab neeg- peb zoo siab los muab kev ncig xyuas lub Hoobkas (hauv-tus neeg lossis virtual), teb koj cov lus nug txog kev, muab cov qauv thiab cov nqi kwv yees, thiab coj koj mus rau txhua kauj ruam ntawm cov molded pulp manufacturing taug kev. Los ntawm pulp mus rau cov khoom, peb muaj kev txawj ntse thiab muaj peev xwm xa tau siab - zoo molded pulp ntim uas ua tau raws li koj xav tau.
